Zika Virus in Peridomestic Neotropical Primates, Northeast Brazil

Favoretto, Silvana Regina; Araújo, Danielle Bastos; Duarte, Naylê Francelino Holanda; Oliveira, Danielle Bruna Leal; Crus, N.G.; Mesquita, Fernando Silveira; Leal, Fabyano Bruno; Machado, Rafael; Gaio, Fernanda Conceição; Oliveira, Walber Feijó de; Zanotto, Paolo M. A.; Durigon, Edison L.

doi:10.1007/s10393-019-01394-7

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…MIG/CXCL9 is known to be a risk factor for DENV severity involved in vascular permeability 80 . Its detection vary between primary and secondary (higher This proof-of-concept and other prospective studies of ZIKV/DENV pathogenesis and crossimmune relationships are urgently needed even as the peak of the ZIKV epidemic has passed as there is a high probability for ZIKV to establish a sylvatic transmission cycle using neotropical primates and mosquitoes in the Americas that will sustain ZIKV circulation and potential reemergence 86,87 . Our data show a positive scenario that supports the implementation of ZIKV vaccine programs, since it suggests that a vaccine-acquired ZIKV-immunity will not worsen DENV pathogenesis and may ameliorate immune response against a subsequent infection with DENV.…”

Section: Higher Proportion Of Ifn-γ and Tnf-α Producing T Cells Beformentioning

confidence: 99%

Time elapsed between Zika and dengue virus infections affects antibody and T cell responses

Pérez-Guzmán

Pantoja

Serrano-Collazo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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34The role of Zika virus (ZIKV) immunity on subsequent dengue virus (DENV) infections is 35 relevant to anticipate the dynamics of forthcoming DENV epidemics in areas with previous ZIKV 36 exposure. We study the effect of ZIKV infection with various strains on subsequent DENV 37 immune response after 10 and 2 months of ZIKV infection in rhesus macaques. Our results 38show that a subsequent DENV infection in animals with early-and middle-convalescent periods 39 to ZIKV do not promote an increase in DENV viremia nor pro-inflammatory status. Previous 40 ZIKV exposure increases the magnitude of the antibody and T cell responses against DENV, 41 and different time intervals between infections alter the magnitude and durability of such 42 responses-more after longer ZIKV pre-exposure. Collectively, we find no evidence of a 43 detrimental effect of ZIKV immunity in a subsequent DENV infection. This supports the 44 implementation of ZIKV vaccines that could also boost immunity against future DENV 45 epidemics. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne Flavivirus that has captivated the 62 attention of the scientific community by its explosive spread in The Americas 1 , and severe 63 neurological sequelae following infection 2-4 . ZIKV established itself in tropical and sub-tropical 64 regions that are endemic to other closely-related flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV). 65Both viruses belong to the Flaviviridae family and are transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. 66DENV is a global public health threat, having two-thirds of world's population at risk of infection, 67 causing ~390 million infections annually 5,6 . DENV exists as four genetically similar but 68 antigenically different serotypes (DENV1-4) 7 . Exposure to one DENV serotype confers long-69 lived immunity against a homotypic secondary infection. However, secondary infection with a 70 heterologous serotype of DENV is the major risk factor to induce severe DENV disease [8][9][10] . 71Due to the antigenic similarities between DENV and ZIKV, concerns have been raised 72 regarding the impact of DENV-ZIKV cross-reactive immunity on the development of severe 73 clinical manifestations 11,12 . It has been demonstrated that DENV-immune sera from humans can 74 enhance ZIKV infection in vitro 13,14 , and in vivo in immune-deficient mouse models 15 . However, 75 recent results from our group and others have shown that previous flavivirus exposure-76including DENV-may have no detrimental impact on ZIKV infection in vivo in non-human 77 primates (NHP) 16,17 and humans 18 . Moreover, these studies and others suggest that previous 78 DENV immunity may play a protective role during ZIKV infection involving humoral and cellular 79 responses 19-23 . On the other hand, little is known about the opposite scenario, the role of a 80 previous ZIKV exposure on subsequent DENV infection, which is relevant to anticipate the 81 dynamics of forthcoming DENV epidemics. 82The recent ZIKV epidemic in the Americas resulted in t...

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Section: Higher Proportion Of Ifn-γ and Tnf-α Producing T Cells Beformentioning

confidence: 99%

Time elapsed between Zika and dengue virus infections affects antibody and T cell responses

Pérez-Guzmán

Pantoja

Serrano-Collazo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The authors did not detect ZIKV through RT-qPCR and reported to have found specific antibodies in six NHPs, with low titers, even though they were collected in urban and periurban areas in some of the regions most affected by the outbreak [38]. On the other hand, after performing NHP captures in a peridomestic environment contiguous to houses whose inhabitants had Zika, Favoretto et al (2019) reported to have detected ZIKV genome in nine out of 132 marmosets or capuchin monkeys, captured mainly in 2015 [24]. A genome compatible to ZIKV was also detected in the viscera of urban and periurban marmosets and capuchins under suspicion of yellow fever infection, found dead in SP and MG [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to similarities in natural history between YFV and ZIKV, concerns have grown about the possibility of ZIKV establishing a sylvatic cycle in Brazil, which would prevent its eradication, as happened with YFV [4]. Although ZIKV has never been isolated from any other vertebrate besides humans in the Americas, and sylvatic NHP-biting mosquitoes have never been detected to be naturally infected with ZIKV, the findings of RNA fragments compatible with ZIKV and antibodies against this virus in synanthropic marmosets and capuchin monkeys captured in peri urban areas in Brazil, and the demonstration that marmosets can experimentally sustain viremia [23][24][25] have led to the hypothesis that NHPs would play a role in sustaining the urban transmission cycle or in establishing an sylvatic transmission cycle in the Americas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil

Abreu

Ferreira-de-Brito

Azevedo

et al. 2020

Viruses

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In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015–2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region’s receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous.

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“…In Brazil, evidence of zoonotic ZIKV infection has been detected mainly in non-human primates. ZIKV RNA and anti-ZIKV antibodies have been detected in marmosets and capuchin monkeys, mostly from the Northeast region of the country [20,21]. Most recently, ZIKV RNA was also detected in carcasses of non-human primates during an epizootic outbreak of yellow fever in southeast Brazil, indicating exposure of non-human primates to ZIKV in Brazil [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Surveillance at the Human–Animal Interface in West-Central Brazil, 2017–2018

Pauvolid‐Corrêa¹,

Dias²,

Maia³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in 1947 in Uganda but was not considered a public health threat until 2007 when it found to be the source of epidemic activity in Asia. Epidemic activity spread to Brazil in 2014 and continued to spread throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Despite ZIKV being zoonotic in origin, information about transmission, or even exposure of non-human vertebrates and mosquitoes to ZIKV in the Americas, is lacking. Accordingly, from February 2017 to March 2018, we sought evidence of sylvatic ZIKV transmission by sampling whole blood from approximately 2000 domestic and wild vertebrates of over 100 species in West-Central Brazil within the active human ZIKV transmission area. In addition, we collected over 24,300 mosquitoes of at least 17 genera and 62 species. We screened whole blood samples and mosquito pools for ZIKV RNA using pan-flavivirus primers in a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a SYBR Green platform. Positives were confirmed using ZIKV-specific envelope gene real-time RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Of the 2068 vertebrates tested, none were ZIKV positive. Of the 23,315 non-engorged mosquitoes consolidated into 1503 pools tested, 22 (1.5%) with full data available showed some degree of homology to insect-specific flaviviruses. To identify previous exposure to ZIKV, 1498 plasma samples representing 62 species of domestic and sylvatic Viruses 2019, 11, 11643 of 18 vertebrates were tested for ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT 90 ). From these, 23 (1.5%) of seven species were seropositive for ZIKV and negative for dengue virus serotype 2, yellow fever virus, and West Nile virus, suggesting potential monotypic reaction for ZIKV. Results presented here suggest no active transmission of ZIKV in non-human vertebrate populations or in alternative vector candidates, but suggest that vertebrates around human populations have indeed been exposed to ZIKV in West-Central Brazil.

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Zika Virus in Peridomestic Neotropical Primates, Northeast Brazil

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Time elapsed between Zika and dengue virus infections affects antibody and T cell responses

Time elapsed between Zika and dengue virus infections affects antibody and T cell responses

Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil

Zika Virus Surveillance at the Human–Animal Interface in West-Central Brazil, 2017–2018

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