Zika virus: History, epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation

Song, Byung Hak; Yun, Sang Im; Woolley, Michael; Lee, Young Min

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.03.001

Cited by 269 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…Following the introduction of ZIKV to Yap Island, sporadic cases of ZIKV infection continued to be reported in Southeast Asia during the mid-2010s [11]. A major epidemic of ZIKV infection ensued in French Polynesia in 2013–2014 and some severe cases were associated with neurological complications such as GBS [12,13].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus: Recent Advances towards the Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics

McArthur

2017

Viruses

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Zika is a rapidly emerging public health threat. Although clinical infection is frequently mild, significant neurological manifestations have been demonstrated in infants born to Zika virus (ZIKV) infected mothers. Due to the substantial ramifications of intrauterine infection, effective counter-measures are urgently needed. In order to develop effective anti-ZIKV vaccines and therapeutics, improved animal models and a better understanding of immunological correlates of protection against ZIKV are required. This review will summarize what is currently known about ZIKV, the clinical manifestations and epidemiology of Zika as well as, the development of animal models to study ZIKV infection, host immune responses against ZIKV, and the current state of development of vaccines and therapeutics against ZIKV.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus: Recent Advances towards the Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics

McArthur

2017

Viruses

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“…The most common inciting event in the general population is antecedent infection with C. jejuni, while other infectious etiologies including CMV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), influenza A virus, Myocoplasma pneumoniae, hepatitis (A, B and E), Haemophilus influenza, chikungunya virus, Dengue, and most recently Zika have also been described. [1,[28][29][30] While far less common, non-infectious causes of GBS include vaccinations (influenza A, rabies, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine), medications including calcineurin inhibitors, and more rarely post-surgical and possibly familial causes. [1,3,[22][23][24][25][31][32][33][34] While the presence of immunosuppression is likely protective and responsible for the decreased incidence of GBS following transplantation, a number of cases in this population have been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guillain-Barré syndrome following heart transplantation complicated by myocardial infarction following treatment with IVIg

Newman

Chen

Rana

et al. 2017

CRIM

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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is rare autoimmune polyneuropathy that is infrequently seen in the post-transplant population, presumably due to the presence of immunosuppression. When it does occur in this setting, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common inciting factor. Treatment modalities for GBS include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis. Rarely, IVIg infusion has been associated with myocardial infarction. We describe a case of a patient status post heart transplantation who presented with GBS shortly after developing CMV viremia. When treatment with IVIg was initiated, our patient developed myocardial infarction with acute cardiac biomarker elevation, acute systolic dysfunction, and cardiogenic shock requiring inotropic and vasopressor support. Coronary angiography demonstrated no significant coronary artery disease. The patient's cardiac function recovered, as did the GBS following initiation of plasmapheresis. We review prior cases of GBS in transplant patients as well as IVIg associated myocardial infarction.

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“…Adding to the report by Sakkas et al [1], the new technology for understanding the pathophysiology of ZIKV infection should also be mentioned. In fact, there are many reports on histopathology and molecular pathology of the ZIKV virus infected cases with microcephaly [2,3]. Nevertheless, those works do not reflect the developmental pathology.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoids: A New Cell Technology Model to Understand Zika Virus Induced Microcephaly

Wiwanitkit¹

2017

J Emerg Infect Dis

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EditorialThe Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is the present big problem. As a vector borne disease, this infection becomes a problem in several tropical areas around the world. The great concern is the possibility that the transplacental transmission of the pathogen can result in microcephaly child [1]. To understand the pathophysiology of microcephaly due to ZIKV infection is a very interesting topic. Adding to the report by Sakkas et al. [1], the new technology for understanding the pathophysiology of ZIKV infection should also be mentioned. In fact, there are many reports on histopathology and molecular pathology of the ZIKV virus infected cases with microcephaly [2,3]. Nevertheless, those works do not reflect the developmental pathology. The use of animal models might be partial useful, however, it cannot represent the exact process in human beings [4]. To study the developmental pathology, the use of the advanced cell technology, organoids is an interesting alternative technique. The use of brain organoids for understanding ZIKV induced microcephaly is an interesting approach. Qian et al. recently discussed "perspectives on overcoming limitations of current organoid systems for their future use in ZIKV research [5]. " In fact, organoids is the new cell technology that is proposed for its advantage in assessment of pathophysiology of many medical disorders. The use for clarification on the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection is also proposed in the medical literature. Nevertheless, there are many limitations of using organoids at present. The usefulness of using organoids technology as a way to assess the pathogenesis of ZIKV induced microcephaly can be expected. Nevertheless, there should be a balanced discussion of the topicincluding highlighting some of the limitations with using organoid models to understand ZIKV.The important concern is lack for the ability to assess or model the complete immunopathogenesis that might related to the ZIKV induced microcephaly. To assess the additional role of immunopathogenesis, the actual animal model is still also needed [6]. In addition, the ogranoids model might not be able to answer the epidemiological difference of ZIKV induced microcephaly in tropical America and Asia. The effect of genetic and epigenetic relating to each setting cannot be assessed by organoids study. Although organoids might clarify the pathological effect of ZIKV, it is no doubt that there will not be a final proof for the case of microcephaly since the organoids cannot be able to finally develop to the overt phenotype of microcephaly. Finally, the adverse or unwanted effect of organoids model is the topic that should not be forgoten. There is still no proof on the safety of the technology and there is a need to verify whether there is any environmental toxicology effect of the organoids model. This is a big ethical issue for this new technology [7].

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Zika virus: History, epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation

Cited by 269 publications

References 265 publications

Zika Virus: Recent Advances towards the Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics

Zika Virus: Recent Advances towards the Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics

Guillain-Barré syndrome following heart transplantation complicated by myocardial infarction following treatment with IVIg

Organoids: A New Cell Technology Model to Understand Zika Virus Induced Microcephaly

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