Zika virus and microcephaly: why is this situation a PHEIC?

Heymann, David L.; Hodgson, Abraham; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Freedman, David O.; Staples, J. Erin; Althabe, Fernando; Baruah, Kalpana; Mahmud, Ghazala; Kandun, Nyoman; Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa; Bino, Silvia; Menon, Krishna

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00320-2

Cited by 341 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, is transmitted by mosquito bite and is also potentially sexually transmitted (113)(114)(115)(116)(117). While historically an infection has been described as causing symptoms ranging from fever and rash to Guillain-Barre syndrome (118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123)(124), during the most recent outbreak there was also a startling increase in the incidence of fetal brain and CNS abnormalities when mothers acquired the virus during pregnancy (32,(125)(126)(127)(128)(129)(130)(131)(132)(133)(134). A causal link between ZIKV and these defects was established when the ZIKV genome was identified in the amniotic fluid of women whose fetuses had microcephaly detected during fetal ultrasound (125-127, 132, 133, 135).…”

Section: Zikv and Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks associated with viral infections during pregnancy

Racicot¹,

Mor

2017

Journal of Clinical Investigation

237

204

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Section: Zikv and Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks associated with viral infections during pregnancy

Racicot¹,

Mor

2017

Journal of Clinical Investigation

237

204

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“…Vertical transmission of the Zika virus has become a serious risk to pregnancy and fetal development, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to consider the disease a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) (58) . One of the first reports, published by Besnard and co-workers (59) , described two cases of perinatal transmission of the virus in French Polynesia.…”

Section: Zika Virus: Old and Newly Identified Transmission Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) alone causes >67,000 infections annually in 24 countries, with 20-30% lethality and 30-50% of psychiatric and other neurological sequelae (65) . The recent rise in reports of microcephaly and other neurological complications associated with Zika virus infections in Brazil has led to a rapid increase in scientific collaborations (58) (66) to elucidate the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and immune response. A summary of these efforts is presented below.…”

Section: Neurological Outcomes Associated With Zika Virus Infections mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Silva

Souza

2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The Zika virus epidemic that started in Brazil in 2014 has spread to >30 countries and territories in Latin America, leading to a rapid rise in the incidence of microcephalic newborns and adults with neurological complications. At the beginning of the outbreak, little was known about Zika virus morphology, genome structure, modes of transmission, and its potential to cause neurological malformations and disorders. With the advancement of basic science, discoveries of the mechanisms of strain variability, viral transfer to the fetus, and neurovirulence were published. These will certainly lead to the development of strategies to block vertical viral transmission, neuronal invasion, and pathogenesis in the near future. This paper reviews the current literature on Zika virus infections, with the aim of gaining a holistic insight into their etiology and pathogenesis. We discuss Zika virus history and epidemiology in Brazil, viral structure and taxonomy, old and newly identified transmission modes, and neurological consequences of infection.

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“…Between January 1,2007, and March 1, 2016, local transmission was reported in an additional 52 countries and territories, mainly in the Americas and the western Pacific, but also in Africa and southeast Asia. Zika virus infections acquired by travelers visiting those countries have been discovered at sites worldwide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%