Zika virus: An emerging flavivirus

Yun, Sijung; Lee, Young-Min

doi:10.1007/s12275-017-7063-6

Cited by 87 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…ZIKV is a Flavivirus transmitted by the bite of Aedes species of mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti [8,9]. The transmission of ZIKV can also occur through sexual intercourse, as sexual transmission have been reported in Argentina, France, Chile, Italy, and New Zealand [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Knowledge of Zika Virus Infection Among Health Care Professionals in a Southeastern State of Nigeria

Akunne

Chukwueke

Anosike

2018

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: Zika virus infection is fast becoming a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries of the world because of its association with microcephaly and Guillain Barre Syndrome. Assessment of its knowledge and understanding among different healthcare practitioners are essential for prevention and control especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. Our aim was to assess the knowledge of the virus and its associated factors among healthcare professionals (HCPs). Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 10 to August 28, 2016, among health care professionals who were selected by nonprobability convenience sampling technique. The respondents were selected from various practice settings including academic institution, private and government hospitals in Enugu State, Nigeria. A validated and pilot tested 15 item questionnaire was used to evaluate respondents' knowledge of ZIKV infection. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used to analyze respondents' level of knowledge and its associated factors using SPSS version 16. Results:Two hundred (200) respondents participated in this study with more than half (53.0%) being male, and most were either Physician or Pharmacist (59.5%). Our results also showed that most of the respondents (128, 64.0%) had poor knowledge of ZIKV infection. However, among the respondents assessed, the Pharmacists and the Physicians had better knowledge of the disease as the test statistics were statistically significant at X 2 =16.722, p=0.033. HCPs in the academia had better knowledge compared to those that are self-employed or practicing in private or government hospitals (X 2 =17.178, p=0.028). Conclusion:Our findings suggest that most of the HCPs assessed in this study had poor knowledge of ZIKV infection. However, professional status, place of service, and study site were found to be associated with the respondents' level of knowledge. Hence, through sensitization and awareness campaigns through the media, seminars, and workshops aimed at educating HCPs on the disease should be encouraged.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Knowledge of Zika Virus Infection Among Health Care Professionals in a Southeastern State of Nigeria

Akunne

Chukwueke

Anosike

2018

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…ZIKV is a flavivirus most closely related to dengue virus (DENV) (5,6) but also related with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and yellow fever virus (YF), all of which are transmitted primarily by mosquitoes (7). Understanding host protective immunity to this virus is critical for the design of optimal vaccines, but little is currently known about the immune responses to ZIKV in humans since infections with ZIKV have not been frequent in the past (8,9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prior Dengue Virus Exposure Shapes T Cell Immunity to Zika Virus in Humans

Grifoni

Pham

Sidney

et al. 2017

J Virol

147

205

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While progress has been made in characterizing humoral immunity to Zika virus (ZIKV) in humans, little is known regarding the corresponding T cell responses to ZIKV. Here, we investigate the kinetics and viral epitopes targeted by T cells responding to ZIKV and address the critical question of whether preexisting dengue virus (DENV) T cell immunity modulates these responses. We find that memory T cell responses elicited by prior infection with DENV or vaccination with tetravalent dengue attenuated vaccines (TDLAV) recognize ZIKV-derived peptides. This cross-reactivity is explained by the sequence similarity of the two viruses, as the ZIKV peptides recognized by DENV-elicited memory T cells are identical or highly conserved in DENV and ZIKV. DENV exposure prior to ZIKV infection also influences the timing and magnitude of the T cell response. ZIKV-reactive T cells in the acute phase of infection are detected earlier and in greater magnitude in DENV-immune patients. Conversely, the frequency of ZIKV-reactive T cells continues to rise in the convalescent phase in DENV-naive donors but declines in DENV-preexposed donors, compatible with more efficient control of ZIKV replication and/or clearance of ZIKV antigen. The quality of responses is also influenced by previous DENV exposure, and ZIKV-specific CD8 T cells from DENV-preexposed donors selectively upregulated granzyme B and PD1, unlike DENV-naive donors. Finally, we discovered that ZIKV

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“…Aedes albopictus was also sampled but tested negative for flaviviruses. The species is a potential vector of flaviviruses and many other arboviruses in some parts of the world [3,15]. Kucharz & Cebula-Byrska [61] note that Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dengue is a reemerging disease in the country, with over 2 million confirmed cases and 702 recent deaths [12]. ZIKV has gained global attention as its geographic distribution has expanded dramatically from equatorial Africa and Asia to the Pacific Islands, South America and the Caribbean, causing many cases of neurological disorders and neonatal malformations [13–15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika and dengue viruses infecting wild-caught mosquitoes in an environmental protection area in Brazil

Ceretti-Júnior

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Species of the genus Flavivirus are widespread in Brazil and are a major public health concern. 21 The city of São Paulo is in a highly urbanized area with some green spaces which are used for 22 recreation and where potential vertebrate hosts and mosquito vectors of these arboviruses can be 23 found, a scenario that can contribute to the transmission of flaviviruses to humans. This study 24 therefore sought to investigate natural flavivirus infection in mosquitoes collected in the Capivari- 25 Monos Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in the south of the city. Monthly mosquito collections 26 were carried out from March 2016 to April 2017 with CO 2 -baited CDC light traps. Specimens were 27 identified morphologically and grouped in pools. A total of 260 pools of non-engorged females were 28 inoculated into the C6/36 cell lineage after analysis by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). 29IFA-positive specimens were tested by qRT-PCR with genus-specific primers targeting a region of 30~260 nucleotides in the flavivirus NS5 gene, and the PCR products were sequenced to confirm and 31 identify the flavivirus species. Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii and Wyeomyia (Prosopolepis) confusa 32 were the most frequent species collected. Zika virus (ZIKV) nucleotide sequences were detected in 33 three mosquito species, An. cruzii, Limatus durhami and Wy. confusa, and dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) 34 sequences in Culex. spp. and Culex. (Mel.) vaxus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural 35 isolation of DENV-2 and ZIKV in sylvatic species of mosquitoes in the Capivari-Monos EPA. Our 36 findings suggest that DENV-2 is present in Culex mosquitoes, and ZIKV in Anopheles, Wyeomyia 37 and Limatus. The flavivirus species identified here are of medical importance; surveillance is 38 therefore recommended in this EPA, where vertebrates and mosquitoes can act as flavivirus hosts and 39 vectors. 40 41 43Over 700,000 deaths worldwide every year are caused by infections transmitted by blood-44 feeding arthropods, accounting for 17% of all infectious diseases [1,2]. Mosquitoes have vector 45 competence for viruses of great epidemiological importance, as seen in recent major outbreaks and 46 epidemics of Chikungunya-virus (CHIKV), Dengue-virus (DENV), Zika-virus (ZIKV) and Yellow 47 Fever-virus (YFV) infections in Brazil [3,4]. Arbovirus diseases occur worldwide, and their 48 emergence and reemergence usually manifest as infections with mild to severe clinical symptoms in 49 humans and domestic animals, occasionally progressing to death. These diseases therefore have a 50 considerable impact on public health and the economy of the region affected [5][6][7]. 51 Among the arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) circulating in Brazil, members of genus 52 Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae) are noteworthy as they are the most common cause of viral infections 53 and diseases in humans. In addition to DENV, ZIKV and YFV, several other flaviviruses of medical 54 importance have been isolated in Brazil, including Bussuquara virus ...

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Zika virus: An emerging flavivirus

Cited by 87 publications

References 255 publications

Assessment of Knowledge of Zika Virus Infection Among Health Care Professionals in a Southeastern State of Nigeria

Assessment of Knowledge of Zika Virus Infection Among Health Care Professionals in a Southeastern State of Nigeria

Prior Dengue Virus Exposure Shapes T Cell Immunity to Zika Virus in Humans

Zika and dengue viruses infecting wild-caught mosquitoes in an environmental protection area in Brazil

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