“…The severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel Coronavirus (nCoV) causing COVID-19 spreads via droplets and fomites; Flavivirus causing ZVD is transmitted by the vector female Aedes mosquitoes; and the Paramyxovirus causes NiVD, whereas Leishmania protozoa is transmitted via the bite of infected female sandflies, resulting in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) [ 9 , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. Major symptoms including fever, low blood counts, hepatomegaly, chronic dry cough, and disorientation are similar among COVID-19, ZVD, NiVD, and VL, despite the incubation period varying from up to 14 days for these viral infections and up to 4 months for VL [ 9 , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. Moreover, individuals of geriatric age or immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, children under the age of five years, healthcare or laboratory workers, animals, carcasses, or cadaver handlers encompass the risk groups shared among these diseases.…”