Zika a Vector Borne Disease Detected in Newer States of India Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yadav, Pragya D; Kaur, Harmanmeet; Gupta, Nivedita; Sahay, Rima R.; Sapkal, Gajanan; Shete, Anita M.; Deshpande, Gururaj; Mohandas, Sreelekshmy; Majumdar, Triparna; Patil, Savita; Pandit, Priyanka; Kumar, Abhinendra; Nyayanit, Dimpal A; Sreelatha, K. H.; Manjusree, S.; Sami, Hiba; Khan, Haris Mazoor; Malhotra, Anuradha; Dhingra, Kanwardeep; Gadepalli, Ravisekhar; Rani, V. Sudha; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Joshi, Yash B.; Dudhmal, Manisha; Duggal, Nandini; Chabbra, Mala; Dar, Lalit; Gawande, Pranita; Yemul, Jyoti; Kalele, Kaumudi; Arjun, Rajalakshmi; Nagamani, K.; Borkakoty, Biswa Jyoti; Sahoo, Ganesh Chandra; Praharaj, Ira; Barde, Pradip V; Jaryal, Subhash Chand; Rawat, Vinita

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888195

“…In the United States, 5-10% of infants with known gestational ZIKV exposure have developmental outcomes consistent with CZS 6 . Although the public health emergency has ended, recent outbreaks in India and evidence of periodic human infections elsewhere suggest ZIKV remains a threat during pregnancy 7–10. .…”

Section: Body Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus

Rosinski

¹

,

Raasch

²

,

Tiburcio

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects. Remarkably, in both SIV+ and SIV- animals, ZIKV infection early in the first trimester caused a high incidence (78%) of spontaneous pregnancy loss within 20 days. These findings suggest a significant risk for early pregnancy loss associated with African-lineage ZIKV infection and provide the first consistent ZIKV-associated phenotype in macaques for testing medical countermeasures.

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“…In the United States, 5-10% of infants with known gestational ZIKV exposure have developmental outcomes consistent with CZS [6]. Although the public health emergency has ended, recent outbreaks in India and evidence of periodic human infections elsewhere suggest ZIKV remains a threat during pregnancy [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus

Rosinski

¹

,

Raasch

²

,

Tiburcio

³

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects. Remarkably, in both SIV+ and SIV- animals, ZIKV infection early in the first trimester caused a high incidence (78%) of spontaneous pregnancy loss within 20 days. These findings suggest a significant risk for early pregnancy loss associated with African-lineage ZIKV infection and provide the first consistent ZIKV-associated phenotype in macaques for testing medical countermeasures.

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“…Zika virus continues to circulate endemically in many American and Asian regions ( 66 – 68 ), highlighting the need for better understanding of the virus. Understanding the mechanism of Zika virus infection and transmission are paramount for better prevention and treatment in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Zika virus by dendritic cell subsets in skin and vaginal mucosa

Eder

¹

,

Zijlstra-Willems

²

,

Koen

³

et al. 2023

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Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family that has caused recent outbreaks associated with neurological malformations. Transmission of Zika virus occurs primarily via mosquito bite but also via sexual contact. Dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs) are important antigen presenting cells in skin and vaginal mucosa and paramount to induce antiviral immunity. To date, little is known about the first cells targeted by Zika virus in these tissues as well as subsequent dissemination of the virus to other target cells. We therefore investigated the role of DCs and LCs in Zika virus infection. Human monocyte derived DCs (moDCs) were isolated from blood and primary immature LCs were obtained from human skin and vaginal explants. Zika virus exposure to moDCs but not skin and vaginal LCs induced Type I Interferon responses. Zika virus efficiently infected moDCs but neither epidermal nor vaginal LCs became infected. Infection of a human full skin model showed that DC-SIGN expressing dermal DCs are preferentially infected over langerin+ LCs. Notably, not only moDCs but also skin and vaginal LCs efficiently transmitted Zika virus to target cells. Transmission by LCs was independent of direct infection of LCs. These data suggest that DCs and LCs are among the first target cells for Zika virus not only in the skin but also the genital tract. The role of vaginal LCs in dissemination of Zika virus from the vaginal mucosa further emphasizes the threat of sexual transmission and supports the investigation of prophylaxes that go beyond mosquito control.

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Zika a Vector Borne Disease Detected in Newer States of India Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus

Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus

Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus

Transmission of Zika virus by dendritic cell subsets in skin and vaginal mucosa

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