Zidovudine-Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis

Rheumatic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection

“…Parotid gland lipomatosis has been associated with protease inhibitor use [63]. Cutaneous vasculitis has been associated with zidovudine and didanosine [64,65]. Hyperuricemia and gout have been associated with retronavir [66].…”

Cutaneous toxicities of antiretroviral therapy for HIV

“…31 Individual case reports and small series describe zidovudine being temporally related to alopecia areata, intense reactions to insect bites, hypertrichosis of the eyelashes, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and a variety of syndromes of fever associated with skin findings, including lichenoid dermatitis, urticaria, morbilliform exanthems, erythema and edema, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Many of these cases were supported by the reaction occurring on rechallenge with zidovudine or resolving with cessation of zidovudine therapy. No specific treatments were used in these cases; supportive therapy through topical or systemic steroids, antihistamines, intravenous fluids, and pain control were used with varying degrees of success.…”

Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Antimicrobials in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

“…16 Wassef and Keiser reported on a patient with anaphylaxis that presented 1 hour after his second dose of AZT with confusion, high fever, diffuse erythema, and swelling that was worse on the lips, hands, and feet. 17 Eight other cases of hypersensitivity to this drug have been documented, including three cases of leukocytoclastic vasculitis 18,19 and one case each of urticaria and lichenoid dermatitis. The only case of TEN due to AZT was described in 1996; this patient died after a prolonged course that included gingival bleeding, epidermal detachment of more than 75% of total BSA, and Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.…”