Zidovudine and isoniazid induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress: Evaluation of mitigating properties of silibinin

Ramanathan, Raghu; Karthikeyan, S.

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.014

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For the TB treatment, generally isoniazid is included in the first-line anti-tuberculosis medication (it has been used for more than 50 years). This drug is associated with hepatotoxicity risk and diseases such as hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy [43,44]. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that if isoniazid is given alone it will rapidly lead to drug resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status evaluation and nutrient intake in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and their contacts

Campos-Góngora

López-Martínez

Huerta-Oros

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Malnutrition is a common status in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Because TB is disseminated through the sputum of infected persons, individuals who maintain relations with a TB patient are at high risk of infection; this risk is greater when contacts present an inadequate nutritional status. The aim of this work was to analyse and compare the nutritional status and macro and micronutrient intake of TB patients and their household contacts. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in TB patients from Nuevo Leon, México, and their household contacts. Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with TB and 62 contacts were evaluated. Anthropometric evaluation was performed considering weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR); nutrient intake was evaluated by applying 24-hour dietary recalls. Results: According to anthropometric assessment, the study population showed a greater trend towards being overweight and obese; 62% of TB patients and contacts had this type of malnutrition, while only 8% of individuals were undernourished. A greater tendency towards malnutrition was observed in the TB patient group. Conclusions: TB patients and their contacts presented as overweight and obese. Both groups showed similar patterns in macro and micronutrient intake. Implications of deficiencies in the intake of these nutrients are discussed on the basis of their effects on individual health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status evaluation and nutrient intake in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and their contacts

Campos-Góngora

López-Martínez

Huerta-Oros

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In addition, in a study of anti-retroviral drugs-induced oxidative stress and liver toxicity in rats, silibinin (100 mg/kg p.o. ), one of the most well-known and potent hepatoprotective flavonolignanes isolated from Silybum marianum , improved all biochemical and pathological parameters, confirming its hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential [ 259 ]. These studies suggest that dietary intake of flavonoids contributes to the prevention or treatment of hepatotoxicity induced by the exposure to xenobiotics and other environmental factors.…”

Section: Dietary Natural Pigments With Biological Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Natural Dietary Pigments: Potential Mediators against Hepatic Damage Induced by Over-The-Counter Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs

et al. 2018

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Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are among the most widely prescribed and purchased drugs around the world. Most analgesics, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, are metabolized in the liver. The hepatocytes are responsible for drug metabolism and detoxification. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are phase I enzymes expressed mainly in hepatocytes and they account for ≈75% of the metabolism of clinically used drugs and other xenobiotics. These metabolic reactions eliminate potentially toxic compounds but, paradoxically, also result in the generation of toxic or carcinogenic metabolites. Cumulative or overdoses of OTC analgesic drugs can induce acute liver failure (ALF) either directly or indirectly after their biotransformation. ALF is the result of massive death of hepatocytes induced by oxidative stress. There is an increased interest in the use of natural dietary products as nutritional supplements and/or medications to prevent or cure many diseases. The therapeutic activity of natural products may be associated with their antioxidant capacity, although additional mechanisms may also play a role (e.g., anti-inflammatory actions). Dietary antioxidants such as flavonoids, betalains and carotenoids play a preventive role against OTC analgesics-induced ALF. In this review, we will summarize the pathobiology of OTC analgesic-induced ALF and the use of natural pigments in its prevention and therapy.

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“…The d4T treatment can cause mild to transient Raghu and Karthikeyan, 2016;Raghu et al, 2015;Banerjee et al, 2013;Brinkman et al, 1998;Dubin and Braffman, 1989 Stavudine Elevation of liver toxicity marker enzymes, lactic acidosis, inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation of FFA -macrovesicular steatosis van Griensven et al, 2010;Gerschenson et al, 2001;Johri et al, 2000;Lea and Faulds, 1996 Lamivudine Elevation in serum ALT levels in patients co-infected with chronic HBV, elevation of hepatotoxic and lipid marker enzymes in serum and plasma Jesudas et al, 2016;Johri et al, 2000 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) Nevirapine Jaundice, hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, hepatic failure, elevation of liver marker enzymes (AST/ALT) in chronic therapy Ajulo et al, 2015;Bera et al, 2012;Hitti et al, 2004 Efavirenz Retention of bile constituents in hepatocytes -cholestasis -hepatocytes apoptosis, inhibits bile acid transport in human/rat hepatocytes, high levels of elevation of AST/ALT, hepatic steatotic changes, mitochondria and ER stress Thamrongwonglert et al, 2016;Patil et al, 2015;Apostolova et al, 2013;McRae et al, 2006 Protease inhibitors (PIs) Ritonavir Induction of hepatocytes apoptosis through caspase-3 cascade system Inhibits bile acid transport in human/rat hepatocytes Increased risk of hepatotoxicity in HIV+TB infected patients with rifampicin treatment Mchunu et al, 2016;Kuang et al, 2014;Schmitt et al, 2009 Nelfinavir elevation in liver marker enzymes due to hepatotoxicity which occurs in up to 50% of patients and lactic acidosis is often reported in these patients with high mortality rate (van Griensven et al, 2010;Lea and Faulds, 1996). In primates, chronic exposure of d4T has been reported to induce mitochondrial toxicity and there was a significant destruction of hepatocytes mitochondrial DNA found in the liver of d4T-exposed monkeys (Gerschenson, et al, 2001).…”

Section: Stavudine (D4t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV-infected individuals are often co-infected by many bacterial infections, including Tuberculus bacilli. These patients are treated with anti-tubercular drugs daily, for several months, depending upon the severity of infection, in addition to their routinely administered regimens of anti-retroviral drugs (Mchunu et al, 2016;Raghu and Karthikeyan, 2016). HIV-infected individuals are often co-infected by many bacterial infections, including Tuberculus bacilli.…”

Section: Ritonavirmentioning

confidence: 99%

HAART and Hepatotoxicity

2017

J App Pharma Sci

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Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are given in combination to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection and to prolong the life expectancy of the patient. The increase in the levels of hepatotoxicity due to the use of above drugs has been the concern till date. Lactic acidosis, hepatocytes fatty infiltration and oxidative stress are the commonly associated hepatotoxic effects with the administration of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Non-nucleooside reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as nevirapine and efavirenz inhibit bile acid transport causing cholestasis which in turn causes apoptosis to the hepatocytes. Furthermore, hepatitis C and B virus co-infection and Tuberculus bacilli in HIV infected patients remains a vital risk factor for the development of hepatotoxicity associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Overwhelming evidences clearly shows that the ARV drugs mediated hepatotoxicity has been attributed due to their mitochondrial interference. Although a low grade of hepatotoxicity resolves, high levels of toxicity leads to discontinuation of the therapy. Hence, careful observation is necessary especially during and after HAART to study the drug-induced liver diseases.

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Zidovudine and isoniazid induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress: Evaluation of mitigating properties of silibinin

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Nutritional status evaluation and nutrient intake in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and their contacts

Nutritional status evaluation and nutrient intake in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and their contacts

Natural Dietary Pigments: Potential Mediators against Hepatic Damage Induced by Over-The-Counter Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs

HAART and Hepatotoxicity

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