Zhongguo Shaoshu Minzu Yueqi Zhi (The Musical Instruments of the Chinese National Minorities: A Dictionary)

Kuo-Huang, Han; Bingchang, Yuan; Jizeng, Mao

doi:10.2307/833862

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The lumping applies to the Han people as weIl, and the fact that the Han are lumped together this way is often mentioned as legitimizing the lumping of the ethnic minorities together. Officiallanguage counts treat all of the Sinitic dialects as one language, regardless of the fact that many are mutually unintelligible and represent different cultures,11 and so there are said to be 1261anguages spoken in China, one by the Han nationality and the rest by the minority nationalities (Huang 2000;Sun 2001). Because Chinese dialects are given a single identity, the composite is called a language, and so the different varieties subsumed under this label are called "dialects': and are not given the same kind of status or recognition as the minority languages.…”

Section: The Classification Of Ethnic Groups and Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…languages just within the People's Republic of China, forty-one of which are not on Sun's list. 3 Fifty per cent of the languages listed by Sun have less than 10,000 speakers, and 18 per cent have less than 1,000 speakers (see Huang 2000 for seventy-three of the languages and the number of their speakers). However, the number of speakers is not the only factor in determining the vitality of a language.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Minority Languages of China

Poa,

LaPolla

2007

The Vanishing Languages of the Pacific Rim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter looks at language endangerment in the People ‘s Republic of China, focusing on three of the main factors that influence language maintenance in China today: increased contact due to population movements and changes in the economy; the population policies of the government, particularly the identification of nationalities and languages; and the education system, particularly bilingual education. Finally, we give a brief account of the major efforts to document endangered languages. China officially recognizes fifty-six nationalities (minzú), with the Han nationality comprising about 91.5 per cent of the population of 1.24 billion people, and the other fifty-five nationalities plus 734,438 unclassified people making up only 8.5 per cent of the population (2000 census).

show abstract

Section: The Classification Of Ethnic Groups and Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minority Languages of China

Poa,

LaPolla

2007

The Vanishing Languages of the Pacific Rim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…KEYWORDS antitumor activity, molecular docking, phosphoramide mustard sophoridinic acid analogues, Topo I inhibition 1 | INTRODUCTION Sophoridine, which was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration in 2005 for the treatment of cancer patients, has been widely used to treat liver cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer in combination with other anticancer drugs used in the clinic including cisplatin, vinorelbine, docetaxel, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Sophoridine is also a main chemical ingredient of the Chinese traditional medicine Fufang Kushen injection; what is more, it has many drug-related advantages such as high solubility, good safety profiles and a special chemical scaffold, suggesting that it is an ideal lead compound for further modifications and optimizations. The mechanism of action of sophoridine is to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) activity and induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and then cause apoptotic cell death.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, cytotoxicity, topoisomerase I inhibition and molecular docking of novel phosphoramide mustard sophoridinic acid analogues

Zhao

et al. 2016

Applied Organom Chemis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A series of novel phosphoramide mustard sophoridinic acid analogues, consisting of nitrogen mustard group and sophoridinic acid scaffold, have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their topoisomerase inhibitory activity as well as cytotoxicity against six tumor cell lines (SMMC‐7721, LoVo, MCF‐7, K562, S180 and H22) and a normal cell line (L929). Among the compounds tested, five were found to be potent inhibitors and exhibited potent cytotoxicity against S180 and H22 cell lines with IC50 values of 1–4 μM. Further mechanistic studies showed that this class of compounds acted as novel topoisomerase I (Topo I) catalytic inhibitors by preventing the binding of Topo I to DNA and inhibiting the cleavage of DNA, and molecular docking studies revealed that the binding energy for these compounds was comparable to that for classic Topo I inhibitors CPT and HCPT, indicating that the compounds have an interaction with DNA and Topo I.

show abstract

“…This multinational country has developed diversified languages. The Han majority speak Mandarin, whereas the ethnic minority people speak more than eighty languages (Ouyang & Zhou, 1994). Overall, the language situation is that the Han majority is monolingual in Mandarin, and the ethnic minorities are bilingual in their mother tongue and Mandarin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Third language acquisition of word order in English affirmative and interrogative structures by L1 Yi and L2 Mandarin learners

Shi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to test three hypotheses: 1) similarities and differences exist between the production and perception errors of word order in L3 English affirmative and interrogative structures by L1 Yi and L2 Mandarin learners; 2) positive and negative transfer from L1 Yi and L2 Mandarin to L3 English are evidenced in the production and perception of word order in affirmative and interrogative structures; 3) with respect to negative transfer, the production and perception of L3 English word order�are negatively influenced by both L1 Yi and L2 Mandarin. However, the negative transfer is more influenced by L2 Mandarin learners with a higher L3 proficiency level, and more influenced by L1 Yi learners with a lower L3 proficiency level.�� The participants were 60 Yi ethnic minority students with 30 students from Luohe Nationality Junior Middle School and the other 30 students from Yuxi Normal University in Yunnan Province, China, respectively. The learners were divided into the beginner and upper-intermediate level groups by means of an English proficiency test and a Mandarin proficiency test. The instruments employed were the data elicitation production tasks including a written task (multiple choice task) and an oral task, a perception task (grammaticality judgement tasks), and a questionnaire. The findings were summarized in five dimensions. Firstly, the learners of the low English proficiency level tended to produce more interlingual errors and less intralingual errors, whereas the learners of the high English proficiency level committed more intralingual errors and less interlingual errors. Secondly, high proportions of the interlingual errors and intralingual errors were revealed in the production tasks, but lower proportions of intralingual errors and relatively higher proportions of interlingual errors were examined in the perception task. Thirdly, the results from the beginner learners indicated that cross-linguistic influences from L1 Yi word order were more evident than from L2 Mandarin word order and other structures, whereas the results from the upper-intermediate learners showed that interlingual errors from L2 Mandarin word order and intralingual errors of L3 English were more observable. Fourthly, the beginner learners produced more errors than the upper-intermediate learners in both the oral and written production tasks, whereas the upper-intermediate learners produced extremely less errors, especially in the oral production task. Lastly, both the beginner and upper-intermediate learners produced lower error rates of L3 English word order in the affirmative structures than in the interrogative structures. Accordingly, the results confirmed the hypotheses of this study. Therefore, it can be assumed that the L1 Yi and L2 Mandarin learners were confronted with more difficulties in producing the interrogative structures rather than the affirmative structures, because strong negative influences from L1 Yi and L2 Mandarin word order were implicated in both the production and perception of L3 English interrogative structures. The findings from this study contributed to the area of L3 acquisition and yielded some pedagogical implications.

show abstract

Zhongguo Shaoshu Minzu Yueqi Zhi (The Musical Instruments of the Chinese National Minorities: A Dictionary)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Minority Languages of China

Minority Languages of China

Synthesis, cytotoxicity, topoisomerase I inhibition and molecular docking of novel phosphoramide mustard sophoridinic acid analogues

Third language acquisition of word order in English affirmative and interrogative structures by L1 Yi and L2 Mandarin learners

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About