‘Zhong Ning Sheng’: A New Distant Hybrid Cultivar of Walnut

Song, Xin; Shengke, Xi; Zhang, Junpei; Ma, Qingguo; Zhou, Yi; Pei, Dong; Huzhi, Xu; Zhang, Jianwu

doi:10.21273/hortsci14276-19

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The walnut stock cultivar "Zhongningsheng" [ZNS, (Juglans hindsii × Juglans regia)] [30], which is selected with a steady and high yield, a good adaptation, and high graft compatibility, is grown in the Luoning county, Henan Province. To analyze expression profiles of JrWOX genes in different organs, three 23-year-old ZNF trees were chosen for the collection of root (R), stem (S), leaf (L), female flower (FF), immature fruit (IF), and zygotic embryo (ZE) samples.…”

Section: Plant Materials Growth Conditions and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walnuts are generally recognized as being difficult-to-root species and even more difficult to propagate from cuttings. With the completion of the walnut genome sequence and multiple analysis of the rejuvenation in walnut [5,[29][30][31], the walnut could be adopted as an important material for difficult-to-root trees to investigate the regulation mechanism in ARF. The patent created from walnut also significantly improve the competence of ARF in numerous other difficult-to-root trees, such as cork oak (Quercus suber L.), teak (Tectona grandis L.), and California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide Identification of WOX Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Rejuvenational Rhizogenesis in Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Chang

Song

Zhang

et al. 2019

Forests

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Rejuvenation is an efficient approach used in the cuttings of trees and horticultural crops, to improve their rooting ability, especially in difficult-to-root trees. WOX gene family members are involved in cell-fate transformation through balancing the maintenance and proliferation of the stem cells. However, there are no reports about the WOX gene family in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and its relationship between rejuvenation and adventitious roots formation (ARF). Here, a genome-wide identification of JrWOX genes and their physical and chemical properties, phylogeny, and expression profiles in different organs and during rejuvenation-induced ARF is reported. The phenotype and histology characteristics of mature and rejuvenated cuttings (Mc and Rc) are also observed. In this study, 12 genes were identified and clustered into three groups based on phylogenetics, special domains, and conserved motifs. The gene structures and conserved motifs were relatively conserved, while the 12 sequences of the JrWOXs domain were diversified. Gene expression in root, stem, leaf, female flower, immature fruit, and zygotic embryo revealed that the expression levels of JrWOX4a, JrWOX4b, JrWOX5, JrWOX11, and JrWOX13 in the root were significantly higher than those of other JrWOXs, while only the expression of JrWOX11 was exclusive to the root organ. Additionally, rejuvenation treatment significantly induced almost all JrWOX genes, except JrWOX4a, JrWOX4b, and JrWOX13 (Rc 0 vs. Mc 0). During the ARF process, the transcripts of JrWOX11 and JrWOX5 were consecutively increased on a significance level; in contrast, the transcription levels of the other JrWOXs decreased or changed insignificantly. The phenotype and histology observation indicate that rejuvenation treatment made the base of the stem expand and reduced the thickness and density of sclerenchyma between the cortex and phloem. This might provide the conditions for the formation of new meristem niches. The results provided insight into the JrWOX genes’ general characteristics and their roles in rejuvenation-induced ARF.

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Section: Plant Materials Growth Conditions and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of WOX Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Rejuvenational Rhizogenesis in Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Chang

Song

Zhang

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Rootstock breeding studies have been relatively lagging in China; however, Pei et al [1] started a distant crossbreeding program using J. regia, J. hindssii, J. nigra, and J. major as breeding parents. As a result, hybrid walnut varieties were selected and bred ('Zhong Ning Sheng', J. hindsii × J. regia) that grow quickly, produce good-quality wood, and are resistant to environmental stress [31]. Rootstock, which comprises the transport channel for nutrients, water, and photosynthetic products, is grafted with a scion to form a symbiont in which the rootstock and scion have both a competitive and a symbiotic relationship with each other [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of Increasing the Growth and Photosynthetic Properties of Precocious Walnut by Grafting

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Plant growth characteristics after grafting are mainly dependent on photosynthesis performance, which may be influenced by grafting combinations with different rootstocks and scions. In this study, we used one-year-old walnut grafts to investigate the grafting compatibility between precocious (‘Liaoning 1’, L) and hybrid (‘Zhong Ning Sheng’, Z) walnut, as well as rootstock and scion impact on the growth and photosynthetic properties of walnut trees. The results showed that grafting compatibility between the two varieties is high, with survival rates upward of 86%. Overwintering survival of grafted seedlings was as high as 100%, which indicated that the allopolyploid had good resistance to low-temperature stress. The homograft of the hybrid walnut had the highest net photosynthesis rate (18.77 μmol·m−2s−1, Z/Z) and growth characteristics, which could be due to its higher transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, whereas the homograft of precocious walnut presented the lowest net photosynthesis rate (15.08 μmol·m−2s−1, L/L) and growth characteristics. Significant improvements in the net photosynthesis rate (15.97 and 15.24 μmol·m−2s−1 for L/Z and Z/L, respectively) and growth characteristics of precocious walnut were noticed during grafting of the hybrid walnut, which could have been contributed by their transpiration rate. The results of this study serve as a guide for the selection and breeding of good rootstock to improve plant growth characteristics and photosynthetic efficiency. We conclude that good rootstock selection improves plant growth potential and could play an important role in sustainable production.

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“…Somatic embryos were derived from walnut hybrid line Juglans hindsii × J. regia . Hybrid seedlings are known as ‘Zhongningsheng’ and are characterized as promising walnut rootstock in China [ 53 ]. JrGA20ox1 -GFP and JrGA20ox1 -RNAi plasmids were introduced into walnut somatic embryos separately using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation method according to our previous study [ 54 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

JrGA20ox1-transformed rootstocks deliver drought response signals to wild-type scions in grafted walnut

Lou,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Horticulture Research

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Targeted regulation using transgrafting technology has been becoming a trend. However, the mechanisms of transgene-derived signal communication between rootstocks and scions remain unclear in woody plants. Here, we grafted wild type (WT) walnut (Juglans regia L.) on WT (WT/WT), JrGA20ox1 (encodes a gibberellin 20-oxidase) overexpressed (WT/OE) and JrGA20ox1-RNAi transformation (WT/RNAi) walnut in vitro, respectively. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of JrGA20ox1-derived signal communication under PEG simulated drought stress between rootstocks and scions in walnut. We demonstrated that JrGA20ox1-OE and JrGA20ox1-RNAi rootstocks could transport active GAs and JrGA20ox1-RNAi vector produced sRNAs to WT scions under PEG simulated drought stress, respectively. The movement of sRNAs further led to a decline in JrGA20ox1 expression and active GA content successively. Meanwhile, the unknown signals may mobile between rootstocks and scions. The mobile signals reduced the expression of a series of GA-responsive and GA-nonresponsive genes, and induced ROS production in guard cells and the increase of ABA content, which may be contributed to the drought tolerance of WT/RNAi, while WT/OE is in an opposite manner. The findings suggest that JrGA20ox1 derived rootstock-to-scion movement of signals are involved in drought tolerance of scions. Our research will provide a feasible approach for studying signal communication in woody plants.

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‘Zhong Ning Sheng’: A New Distant Hybrid Cultivar of Walnut

Abstract: Additional index words. Juglans sp., breeding, distant hybrid, rootstock

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Genome-Wide Identification of WOX Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Rejuvenational Rhizogenesis in Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Genome-Wide Identification of WOX Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Rejuvenational Rhizogenesis in Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Possibility of Increasing the Growth and Photosynthetic Properties of Precocious Walnut by Grafting

JrGA20ox1-transformed rootstocks deliver drought response signals to wild-type scions in grafted walnut

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