Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar prevents the alcohol liver disease in mice via autophagy

Abstract

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an ignored global issue of public health. It is urgent for searching bioactive foods to prevent ALD. Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV) contained antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and melanoidins. The mechanism of ZAV on preventing acute liver injury was evaluated in alcohol‐treated mice. Our results showed that ZAV ameliorated morphological damage by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining in alcohol‐treated liver. ZAV relieved symptoms of ALD, which presented as decreased serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels. In addition, ZAV treatment inhibited hepatic oxidative stress levels by downregulating reactive oxygen species generation, and the oxidative products (malonaldehyde, 4‐hydroxynonenal, and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine), and upregulating catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. ZAV further reduced production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and elevated levels of interleukin‐4 and transforming growth factor‐β indicating the inhibition of alcohol‐induced inflammation. Furthermore, ZAV treatment increased expression levels of autophagy‐associated proteins in ALD mice by western blot, which participated in anti‐ALD effect of ZAV. These findings demonstrate that ZAV could be an alternative for ALD intervention by regulating oxidative stress and autophagy.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Schisandrin C for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Autophagy Pathway

“…First, autophagy can remove oxidative stress products and inflammatory factors within cells, thereby reducing vascular endothelial damage and inflammatory response and helping to slow down the development of atherosclerosis. Second, autophagy also regulates lipid metabolism, helping to prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by clearing cholesterol and lipid deposits …”

“…Second, autophagy also regulates lipid metabolism, helping to prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by clearing cholesterol and lipid deposits. 30 Studies have shown that Schisandrin C can affect autophagy by regulating the activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR plays an important regulatory role in autophagy and is the main negative regulatory axis of autophagy.…”

“…Second, autophagy also regulates lipid metabolism, helping to prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by clearing cholesterol and lipid deposits. 30 …”

Inulin alleviates acute alcoholism in mice by enhancing ethanol metabolism and regulating the intestinal flora

“…During alcohol metabolism, steatosis can be induced, resulting in fat deposition in liver cells. Meanwhile, alcohol affects the transport of blood lipids, leading to abnormal levels of serum TG and TC (Qi et al, 2023;Zhao et al, 2023). Research conducted on ALD mice has shown that alcohol significantly elevates TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in serum while decreasing HDL-C levels, thereby causing lipid accumulation in the liver (Shen et al, 2014).…”