Zero waste system comprised of fixed bed biofilm reactor, ozone oxidation, and electrodialysis desalination for wastewater sustainability

Al‐Amshawee, Sajjad Khudhur Abbas; Yunus, Mohd Yusri Bin Mohd; Yunus, Rosli Bin Mohd; Lynam, Joan G.

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101593

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Ultra Media, as a large biofilm carrier with large inner compartments, showed a higher removal rate on day 3 than day 2 and did not demonstrate process instability despite being larger than the 3.0 cm BioBall and biological filter. This could be due to surface roughness, as described in recent studies by Al‐Amshawee et al 4,21 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In the Anammox reaction, ammonium and nitrite are converted into nitrogen gas (N 2 ) under an anoxic environment. Equation (1) indicates the stoichiometry of the Anammox reaction: 21

\begin{array}{l} {NH}_{4}^{+} goodbreak+ 1.32 {NO}_{2}^{-} goodbreak+ 0.066 {HCO}_{3}^{-} goodbreak+ 0.13 H^{+} \\ \to 1.02 N_{2} goodbreak+ 0.26 {NO}_{3}^{-} goodbreak+ 0.066 normalC H_{2} O_{0.5} N_{0.15} goodbreak+ 2.03 H_{2} normalO \end{array}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FBBR was selected over the MBBR for two reasons: (i) the FBBR has been found capable of providing more reliable wastewater treatment, even for high-strength influents, than the MBBR process; (ii) the biofilm carriers researched in the present study were of varying masses, materials, and densities, which have an absolute impact on carrier fluidization and lead to more complex wastewater treatments if they were used as a moving bed. 21 The FBBR was packed 100% with natural and synthetic biofilm carriers. The natural biofilm carriers were brown ammonia absorption stones, green ammonia absorption stones, nonporous ceramic rings, porous ceramic rings, coral sand, pebbles, volcanic stones, and loofah sponge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al‐Amshawee et al . reported that Ultra Media and Micro Media could enable stable and predictable FBBR performance 21 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation also occurred in a recent study in which Kaldnes K1 micro was shown to have poorer removal rates of COD and nitrogen compounds than Micro Media. 21 This recent study reported that the narrow internal voids (i.e., low porosity) of the Kaldnes K1 micro led to the clogging of the voids and limitation of the solution mixing rate.…”

Section: Synthetic Biofilm Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of biofilm carriers of varying shapes, sizes, and materials for wastewater treatment in fixed bed biofilm reactor: a qualitative study of biocarrier performance

Al‐Amshawee

Yunus

Alalwan

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Biofilm carriers were introduced in the early 1990s mainly to abate chemical oxygen demand (COD). However, studies have continued investigating few biocarriers repeatedly, without studying a large number of carriers in a single study under similar conditions. RESULTS The current study investigated the performance of nine synthetic and eight natural biofilm carriers for 7 days of palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment in terms of COD removal. A fixed bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) was 100% packed with biocarriers and operated at 35 °C. Performance based on the 7th day COD removal could be ranked in the following order: green ammonia absorption stone (91%), K1 micro (88%), coral sand (87.8%), volcanic stone (86.6%), Micro Media (85.5%), 1.6 cm BioBall (85%), pebble (82.4%), porous ceramic ring (82.3), K1 (82.1%), non‐porous ceramic ring (80.9%), brown ammonia absorption stone (78.6%), biological filter (77.7%), Ultra Media (76.8%), blue media (69.3%), 3.0 cm BioBall (68.8%), 2.5 cm BioBall (66.5%), and loofah sponge (63%). CONCLUSION The smallest carrier, K1 micro, yielded the highest COD removal (88%) on day 7 among the other synthetic carriers, while green ammonia absorption stones provided the highest quality effluent from day 1 (3565 mg COD L−1) to day 7 (780 mg COD L−1) and delivered the shortest start‐up compared with all natural and synthetic carriers. The discussion revealed that all carrier functionalities (i.e., scale, shape, surface pores, roughness, material, surface area, porosity, and durability) play a key role in deciding carrier quality. The current study also introduced ‘carrier efficiency limit’, which refers to the carrier's capacity to entrap biomass and immobilize microorganisms. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In the Anammox reaction, ammonium and nitrite are converted into nitrogen gas (N 2 ) under an anoxic environment. Equation (1) indicates the stoichiometry of the Anammox reaction: 21

\begin{array}{l} {NH}_{4}^{+} goodbreak+ 1.32 {NO}_{2}^{-} goodbreak+ 0.066 {HCO}_{3}^{-} goodbreak+ 0.13 H^{+} \\ \to 1.02 N_{2} goodbreak+ 0.26 {NO}_{3}^{-} goodbreak+ 0.066 normalC H_{2} O_{0.5} N_{0.15} goodbreak+ 2.03 H_{2} normalO \end{array}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al‐Amshawee et al . reported that Ultra Media and Micro Media could enable stable and predictable FBBR performance 21 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Biofilm Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of biofilm carriers of varying shapes, sizes, and materials for wastewater treatment in fixed bed biofilm reactor: a qualitative study of biocarrier performance

Al‐Amshawee

Yunus

Alalwan

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

Self Cite

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Electrodialysis with Irregular Membrane Spacers: Which is the Right Choice?

et al. 2023

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Membrane operations function well in turbulent conditions, requiring the use of a turbulence model. By increasing the velocity and generating eddies with membrane spacers, mass transport can be enhanced and permeability can be intensified while reducing concentration polarization. Spacers act as solid barriers for the bulk fluid and have been shown to facilitate mass transfer at channel thicknesses of 1 mm due to eddy promotion. Spacers are used in a variety of membrane processes including nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and membrane distillation. Membrane spacers can also be used for other applications such as membrane electrolysis, fuel cells, capacitive deionization, and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. This work systematically reviews and compares irregular geometries of spacers, including Gyroid, tCLP, multilayered, crimped, and tortuous spacers. The review consistently concludes that the spacer geometrical properties are the primary determinants of the streamline effectiveness.

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Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis for water and wastewater processing: application of ladder-type membrane spacers to impact solution concentration and flow dynamics

Al‐Amshawee

Yunus

Dakhil

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Zero waste system comprised of fixed bed biofilm reactor, ozone oxidation, and electrodialysis desalination for wastewater sustainability

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Experimental investigation of biofilm carriers of varying shapes, sizes, and materials for wastewater treatment in fixed bed biofilm reactor: a qualitative study of biocarrier performance

Experimental investigation of biofilm carriers of varying shapes, sizes, and materials for wastewater treatment in fixed bed biofilm reactor: a qualitative study of biocarrier performance

Electrodialysis with Irregular Membrane Spacers: Which is the Right Choice?

Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis for water and wastewater processing: application of ladder-type membrane spacers to impact solution concentration and flow dynamics

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