Zero-Phonon Transitions of Color Centers in Alkali Halides

Fitchen, D. B.; Silsbee, R. H.; Fulton, T. A.; Wolf, E. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.11.275

Cited by 148 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…1, which shows the absorption spectrum of y-quanta by the nuclei of crystalline iridium, calculated in the Debye approximation by Visscher [24], and the experimental optical spectra of various crystals obtained in the papers of Fitchen et al [20], Gross et al [22], Sturge [25], Kushida and Kikuchi [26], and Rebane et al [27]. The common feature of all spectra given in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The broadening determined by the direct processes (20) and (21) and by the anharmonicity of the vibrations associated with the change in normal-mode frequencies during the optical transition (the second term in (35)) and also the broadening (37), as one can easily see, predicts a weaker temperature dependence than (43)) i.e., it does not correspond to the experimental broadening.…”

Section: N Sapozhnikovmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first experimental investigations made to check the theoretical conclusion that the zero-phonon line in the optical spectrum is analogous to the Miissbauer y-line have been carried out by Hopfield [ 171, Fitchen et al [20] , and also by Gross, Razbirin, and Permogorov [21, 221. In these papers the temperature dependences of the zero-phonon line intensities were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zero‐Phonon Transitions in the Optical Spectra of Impurity Molecular Crystals

Sapozhnikov¹

1976

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: N Sapozhnikovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zero‐Phonon Transitions in the Optical Spectra of Impurity Molecular Crystals

Sapozhnikov¹

1976

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…The ionic equilibrium is different for different electronic states and the electron phonon coupling and its effect on the optical transitions can be illustrated with the well-known configuration coordinate diagram. 5 Useful F A (II) center systems for laser applications are formed in only two host materials, KCl and RbCl. 1 However, ab initio evaluation of laser performance at the ionic crystal surface is still lacking, and until recently the potential of F A for useful laser action at the regular and irregular surfaces of AgBr has been ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

F_A(I):Au⁺andF_A(II):Cu⁺laser activity and photographic sensitization at the low coordinated surfaces of AgBrab initiocalculations

Shalabi

2002

J Comput Chem

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The twofold potentials of F(A)(I):Au(+) and F(A)(II)Cu(+) color centers at the low coordinated surfaces of AgBr thin films in providing tunable laser activity and photographic sensitization were investigated using ab initio methods of molecular electronic structure calculations. Clusters of variable size were embedded in simulated Coulomb fields that closely approximated the Madelung fields of the host surfaces, and the nearest neighbor ions to the F(A) defect site were allowed to relax to equilibrium in each case. Based on the calculated Stokes shifted optical transition bands and horizontal shifts along the configuration coordinate diagrams, both F(A)(I):Au(+) and F(A)(II):Cu(+) color centers were found to be laser active. The laser activity faded quickly as the bromide ion coordination decreased from 5 (flat) to 4 (edge) to 3 (corner) and as the size of the impurity cation increased from Cu(+) to Au(+). The latter relation was explainable in terms of the axial perturbation of the impurity cation. The smallest calculated Stokes-shift at the corner surface suggested that emission had the same oscillator strength as absorption. All relaxed excited states RESs of the defect containing surfaces were deep below the lower edges of the conduction bands of the defect free ground state surfaces, indicating that F(A)(I):Au(+) and F(A)(II):Cu(+) are suitable laser defects. The probability of orientational destruction of the two centers attributed to the assumed RES saddle point ion configurations along the <110> axis was found to be directly proportional to the size of the impurity cation, with activation energy barriers of about 0.655-3.294 eV for Cu(+), and about 1.887-3.404 eV for Au(+). The possibility of exciton (energy) transfer from the sites of higher coordination to those of lower coordination is demonstrated. The more laser active F(A)(II):Cu(+) center was more easily formed than the less laser active F(A)(I):Au(+) center. The Glasner-Tompkins empirical relation was generalized to include F(A) centers at the low coordinated surfaces of silver bromide thin film. As far as color photographic sensitization is concerned, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the selected dye molecules in the excited states were high enough for electron injection. F(A) defect formation and rotational diffusion of silver clusters reduced the energy gaps between the excited dye molecules and the lower edges of the conduction bands and allowed for hole injection. About 54-60% of the reduction of silver ions at the flat surface of AgBr was attributed to the host anions and F(A) defect formation, leaving about 40-46% for the reduction of photoelectrons as well as the electrons of the developer or dye molecules. The unrelaxed rotational diffusions of the central Ag(4) by 90 degrees decreased the latter percentage, but were severely hindered by activation energy barriers.

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“…The Debye temperature is the temperature that corresponds to this mode number. In bulk diamond, T D is around 2220 K. We set T D as a fitting parameter in our calibration, however, and find that in nanodiamond T D is (1614 ± 23) K. This is expected, as it is a well-established fact that the Debye temperature can vary in similar materials [193]. The Debye temperature can also vary significantly when far away from the low-temperature regime in which the 2220 K value was measured [194].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond: internal dynamics and nanoscale measurements

Chapman¹

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This thesis represents several steps in the development of Nitrogen-Vacancy Nanodiamond as an effective optical label for biological measurements and as a tool for nanometry and quantum information techniques. In this thesis I cover concrete progress in many areas of nanodiamond research, demonstrating that optical interactions alone can be used to control NV spin polarisation and measure NV temperature. I develop a method for high-contrast imaging of NV centres using magnetic modulation, and also show a method for measuring the Raman scattering of water to an unprecedented level of accuracy. This thesis also contains the outlines of two more experiments: one aimed at measuring NV concentration in aqueous nanodiamond suspensions, and another whose aim is to use multiple NV centres in a single nanodiamond to measure the orientation and strength of an external magnetic field.iii

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Zero-Phonon Transitions of Color Centers in Alkali Halides

Cited by 148 publications

References 5 publications

Zero‐Phonon Transitions in the Optical Spectra of Impurity Molecular Crystals

Zero‐Phonon Transitions in the Optical Spectra of Impurity Molecular Crystals

F_A(I):Au⁺andF_A(II):Cu⁺laser activity and photographic sensitization at the low coordinated surfaces of AgBrab initiocalculations

Nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond: internal dynamics and nanoscale measurements

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Zero-Phonon Transitions of Color Centers in Alkali Halides

Cited by 148 publications

References 5 publications

Zero‐Phonon Transitions in the Optical Spectra of Impurity Molecular Crystals

Zero‐Phonon Transitions in the Optical Spectra of Impurity Molecular Crystals

FA(I):Au+andFA(II):Cu+laser activity and photographic sensitization at the low coordinated surfaces of AgBrab initiocalculations

Nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond: internal dynamics and nanoscale measurements

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F_A(I):Au⁺andF_A(II):Cu⁺laser activity and photographic sensitization at the low coordinated surfaces of AgBrab initiocalculations