Zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional supramolecular architectures sustained by Se…O chalcogen bonding: A crystallographic survey

Abstract

Highlights Selenium … oxygen chalcogen bonding is important in relevant crystal structures. Se … O interactions, operating alone, are found in 13% of possible structures. Se … O(carbonyl) interactions occur in 50% of possible structures. Zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional architectures are sustained by Se … O interactions. One-dimensional chains are found in 55% of examples.

Supramolecular aggregation patterns featuring Se⋯N secondary-bonding interactions in mono-nuclear selenium compounds: A comparison with their congeners

“…Molecules having a 1,2-selenazole ring bearing a carbonyl group, as in 48 [91], have been noted previously to have a high propensity to form intermolecular Se … O chalcogenbonding interactions [50]. Indeed, where such Se … O chalcogen-bonding can potentially occur, they do in 48% cases which nearly matches with the 50% adoption of Se … O interactions in all selenium-containing molecules also featuring a carbonyl group [50]. In 48, the Se … N interaction involves the participation of a pyridyl-nitrogen atom and gives rise to a sixmembered {SeCN … }2 synthon disposed about a 2-fold axis of symmetry as seen in Fig.…”

“…The first crystal structure determined that displayed Se … N interactions was 89 which forms a helical chain; this was published in 1951 [189] with a redetermination in 1989 [126]. The majority of aggregation patterns are zero- It is now well established [190,191], including for supramolecular interactions involving selenium [45,49,50], that distance/angle relationships involving these inherently weak interactions is not possible. This is because the interacting donor and acceptor atoms are more often than not in different environments and hence, subject to varying electronic and steric influences, all of which impacts upon the Se … N interaction.…”

“…In continuation of a long-held interest of the supramolecular association in crystals mediated by secondary-bonding and related interactions involving the main group elements [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51], the present survey focuses upon the delineation of the supramolecular architectures featuring Se … N interactions in the crystals of mononuclear selenium molecules which operate in the absence of other obvious supramolecular synthons, such as hydrogen-bonding. This survey reveals a full range of zero-, one-, two-and three-dimensional architectures featuring Se … N interactions.…”

Supramolecular architectures sustained by delocalised C–I⋯π(arene) interactions in molecular crystals and the propensity of their formation

“…85 150 and 109, 173 impacting upon both the iodide donor and accepting arene ring, steric hindrance, competing or even complementary intermolecular interactions, etc. [239][240][241][242][243] In addition, the crystalline manifold and the conditions under which the crystallographic experiment is conducted, such…”

Characterising Supramolecular Architectures in Crystals Featuring I⋯Br Halogen Bonding: Persistence of X⋯X’ Secondary-Bonding in Their Congeners

“…Herein, in continuation of systematic surveys of non-covalent interactions operating in the crystals of main group element compounds [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and more recently, halides participating in delocalised X• • • π(arene) interactions [37], an analysis of crystal structures included in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) [38] for a relatively rare class of secondary-bonding interaction is undertaken, namely hetero-halide interactions involving iodide interacting with bromide. As indicated above, iodide is anticipated to form the strongest halogen bonding interactions, at least under comparable conditions, and it was thought to be of interest to ascertain the robustness of this precept in the presence of its most potent likely competitor, namely bromide, in crystals where both elements are present.…”