Zero-field cooled exchange bias effect in La Sm1−CrO3 (x=0–0.9) ceramics

The tunable spin reorientation, temperature induced magnetization reversal, and spontaneous exchange bias effect of Sm0.7Y0.3Cr1−xGaxO3

“…As reported, by nonmagnetic rare-earth ions doping at Sm-site, such as La, the exchange bias field H EB decreases monotonously with doping level increasing due to the weakness of the Sm–Cr coupling. 20 The H EB of ZEB effect in our samples show the decrement as well with increase of nonmagnetic Ga 3+ ions doping, similar to the reported results. 20 The nonmagnetic ions doping (Y 3+ , and Ga 3+ ), nonmatter doping at Sm- or Cr-sites, would reduce the coupling between Sm 3+ and Cr 3+ , leading to the decrease of ZEB effect.…”

“… 20 The H EB of ZEB effect in our samples show the decrement as well with increase of nonmagnetic Ga 3+ ions doping, similar to the reported results. 20 The nonmagnetic ions doping (Y 3+ , and Ga 3+ ), nonmatter doping at Sm- or Cr-sites, would reduce the coupling between Sm 3+ and Cr 3+ , leading to the decrease of ZEB effect.…”

“… 18 The coupling between Sm 3+ and Cr 3+ via internal magnetic field H I 49 results in large H EB . 20 The positive ZEB effect may be related to the behaviour in layered magnetic systems, 50,51 where positive EB appears if the interactions at the interfaces are antiferromagnetic, whereas negative EB is present for ferro-magnetic interactions. As reported, by nonmagnetic rare-earth ions doping at Sm-site, such as La, the exchange bias field H EB decreases monotonously with doping level increasing due to the weakness of the Sm–Cr coupling.…”

Correlating the Influence of Two Magnetic Ions at the A-Site with the Electronic, Magnetic, and Catalytic Properties in Gd1–xDyxCrO3

“…Perovskite structure with the general formula ABX 3 is very popular among solid-state chemists, condensed matter physicists, and materials scientists and has been investigated extensively. − The innumerable number of possibilities of substitutions at A and B sites with ions of varying valence and ionic radii together with the choice of anion from halide to oxide adore it to exhibit many interesting properties such as high-temperature superconductivity, piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, multiferroism, colossal magneto resistance, and catalytic functions. − The recent demonstration of high solar cell capability in organic–inorganic halo perovskites has added a new dimension to the expanding list of multifunctions that one can anticipate to be discovered. , The multifunctional character of rare-earth chromites (RECrO 3 ) with a distorted perovskite structure has invited extensive investigation by the research community with special emphasis on the rare earths, influencing a possible magneto-electric coupling. ,− Essentially, three different magnetic spin interactions, Cr 3+ –Cr 3+ , Cr 3+ –RE 3+ , and RE 3+ –RE 3+ , with isotropic, symmetric, and antisymmetric anisotropic exchange, respectively, exist in these systems. − The antiferromagnetic Neel temperature ( T N ) arising from Cr 3+ –Cr 3+ interactions has been found to increase with increase in the ionic radius of rare-earth (RE 3+ ), illustrating the influence of the A-site ion on the ordering of B-site ions. A lot of deliberations have been found to dominate the current literature, seeking the exact role of magnetic RE 3+ for the observed canted antiferromagnetism and polarization in these systems. − Studies dealing with sharing of the A-site with one magnetic ion (such as Gd or Pr) and the other nonmagnetic ion (La or Y) are quite common, whereas similar investigations with the A-site shared by magnetic rare earths are limited. − Also, in such studies, the effects of only a smaller concentration of the second magnetic rare-earth ion (typically up to 10%) have been focused. These studies employed the solid-state diffusion process for preparing the samples …”

Structural, magnetic and electrical analysis of La1−x Nd x CrO3 (0.00 < x < 0.15): synthesised by sol–gel citrate combustion method

“…8a. In the system of perovskites with La as dopants in Nd 1-x La x CrO 3 and Sm 1-x La x CrO 3 , there is an appreciable decrease in magnetisation values, which is a clear evidence for elucidating the role of Nd magnetic ions in the aforementioned process [18,44].…”