Zero Energy Hotels and Sustainable Mobility in the Islands of Aegean Sea (Greece)

Abstract

The goal of this work is to evaluate and to give evidence to innovative and sustainable technologies applied in the construction industry to carry out self-sufficient energy and to use the surplus energy for the production of hydrogen vector. An architectural integration design along with high technological systems is performed. The intermittency of renewable energy sources along with climatic conditions dependency imposes to store the energy produced, since it is clean and having a big calorific value: the hydrogen vector is currently the better energy carrier. The energy to obtain hydrogen by dissociation of water is supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) system. Through the computations of the annual energy balance between building's demand and supply energy, it is shown that the extra energy produced by the solar generation system is used also for the hydrogen sustainable mobility. The renewable systems, model's design and case study are tackled for the bigger one of the Dodecanese islands in the South Aegean Sea: Rhodes (Rodos). The Zero energy building's integrative design-based approach, applied to the Hotel Buildings type industry is targeted to have new hotels buildings, in the Mediterranean typical warm climate, with zero energy consumption. The designers, authors of this work, have studied a real case or pilot project of an hotel, in the resort formula, suitable to the Greek landscape, showcasing technologies and innovations supporting environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, use of renewable energy, electricity storage by fuel cells that are tools particularly applicable to hotel facility [1]. The feasibility of this case study or pilot project is aligned jointly to the target of Zero Emission and Energy Efficiency EU Policy, as imposed by EU Directives. The strategic position of Rhodes in a geographical point full of sun and wind renewable energy power, enables to ensure the clean energy production, the current interesting development of the hydrogen as energy vector in the buildings [2] and also to satisfy the demand of tourists' accommodation by having at the same time zero energy costs. Moreover, the presence in the island of the best example worldwide of ancient and sustainable built environment (UNESCO World Heritage site), represents also the best motivation to give witness there of a zero impact environmental urban development through the adoption of these achieved scientific results for a major success of Zero Energy Buildings.G. M. Perfetto, F. P. Lamacchia 24

State-of-the-Art Review of Positive Energy Building and Community Systems

“…Alirezaei [102] investigated the role of a vehicle to home technology and assured that it is possible to achieve PEB status by charging and discharging the vehicle battery when there are an excess generation and demand in the building, respectively. Perfetto and Lamacchia [103] studied the feasibility of zero energy hotels and sustainable mobility in the Aegean Sea islands in Greece. The system attained PEB status by meeting its annual demand through its PV generation, and its surplus energy generated hydrogen of 555 m 3 /year for its sustainable mobility [103].…”

“…Perfetto and Lamacchia [103] studied the feasibility of zero energy hotels and sustainable mobility in the Aegean Sea islands in Greece. The system attained PEB status by meeting its annual demand through its PV generation, and its surplus energy generated hydrogen of 555 m 3 /year for its sustainable mobility [103]. Erhorn et al [104] compiled 7250 single second-hand battery cells from a car and successfully utilized it as energy storage of 40 kWh in the Efficiency House Plus in Berlin.…”

Use of Distributed Electricity Generation Technologies in Hotels

“…It is also mentioned that investments in wind turbines can be financed by energy service companies. Perfetto et al (2016) have studied a zero energy hotel combined with sustainable mobility in Rhodos island, Aegean sea. The authors stated that the high solar irradiance in Aegean sea allows the use of solar energy for electricity generation covering the energy needs of a summer operating hotel in the region.…”