Zero Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Techniques and Clinical Utility in Musculoskeletal System

Abstract

Zero echo time (ZTE) sequence is recent advanced magnetic resonance technique that utilizes ultrafast readouts to capture signals from short‐T2 tissues. This sequence enables T2‐ and T2* weighted imaging of tissues with short intrinsic relaxation times by using an extremely short TE, and are increasingly used in the musculoskeletal system. We review the imaging physics of these sequences, practical limitations, and image reconstruction, and then discuss the clinical utilities in various disorders of the musculoskeletal system. ZTE can be readily incorporated into the clinical workflow, and is a promising technique to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure, cost, and time‐consuming by computed tomography in some cases.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 1

Development of Ln(III) Derivatives as 19F Parashift Probes

“…The spectral sensitivity enhancement of paramagnetic LnL complexes was evaluated using ZTE pulse sequences for imaging fast T 2 values (Figures S78–S84). ,,,− For each LnL , the acquisition time was set to 3· T 1 , and the number of transients was set so that the total experiment time was 20 min (Table ). Spectra were processed with LB set to 1/2 of LWHM (Table S11) and the relative signal intensity normalized to YL to determine the gain in signal intensity from paramagnetic Ln­(III) ions (Figure ), defined as spectral sensitivity enhancement.…”