Zero discharge fluid dynamic gauging for studying the thickness of soft solid layers

Yang, Qianpeng; Ali, Akin; Shi, Lin; Wilson, D.I.

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.11.024

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is the ZFDG concept: the individual components were demonstrated by Yang et al 4 , supported by computational fluid dynamics simulations of the flow patterns in ejection and suction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Zero-Discharge Fluid-Dynamic Gauging for Studying the Swelling of Soft Solid Layers

Wang

Wilson

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A bench-top device fluid dynamic gauging device to study the swelling or shrinking of soft solid layers immersed in a liquid environment in situ and in real time is demonstrated. A particular feature is that the volume of liquid is isolated, hence the name Zero net discharge Fluid Dynamic Gauging (ZFDG), which renders ZFDG suitable for aseptic operation. For the 1.78 mm nozzle diameter used here, calibration tests gave a resolution of ± 5 µm and uncertainty of ± 10 µm. Computational fluid dynamics simulations indicated that the shear stress imposed on a layer being gauged differed between the successive suction and ejection stages in ZFDG. The swelling of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) layers (about 1 mm dry thickness) and gelatin films (50-80 µm dry thickness) in aqueous solutions is reported as demonstration of a ZFDG application. There was good agreement with more cumbersome gravimetric methods. Gelatin swelled noticeably faster at high pH, above the pKa values of proline and hydroxyproline. Fitting the gelatin swelling data to a power law model indicated 'sub-Fickian' behaviour with a 'diffusion index' which increased with pH.

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“…This is the ZFDG concept: the individual components were demonstrated by Yang et al 4 , supported by computational fluid dynamics simulations of the flow patterns in ejection and suction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Zero-Discharge Fluid-Dynamic Gauging for Studying the Swelling of Soft Solid Layers

Wang

Wilson

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…This calculation relies on the substrate being perfectly flat, so a conservative estimate of its precision, of 50 m, is quoted. The yield stress of the jelly was measured previously as 12 Pa at 20C (Yang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Target Plate Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleaning of complex soil layers on vertical walls by fixed and moving impinging liquid jets

Glover

Brass

Bhagat

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Engineering

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Cleaning by a horizontal water jet, impinging onto a soiled Perspex vertical plate, is described. The plate, the substrate, was coated with PVA or petroleum jelly, the soil. The substrate was either (i) fixed, for batch tests in which the cleaned area, roughly circular, grew with time, or (ii) the substrate moved vertically up or down in its own plane, the water jet remaining fixed; this reproduced the effect of a jet moving across a surface for cleaning, as found in real tank cleaning operations. In the batch experiments, growth of the radius a of the cleaning area is well described, at early times t, by a 5-a o 5 = K 5 (t-t o), a o being the initial radius of the cleaned area at time t o ; K is a constant. At later times with petroleum jelly, the cleaning front reached a maximum value, when the outward momentum of the radially flowing water film balanced the strength of the soil. This maximum value is modelled as a ramp of viscoplastic soil inclined at angle χ to the substrate surface, where χ was found to vary from 7 to 25. In the tests of continuous cleaning of petroleum jelly, a lengthening cleaned area, of width w c , was observed on the moving substrate. Near the jet was a stationary clean front, whose shape looked like half an ellipse. This shape, and the width w c , are well described by theory (Wilson et al Chem. Eng. Sci. 2015, 123, 450-459) using parameters from the abovementioned batch experiments. This establishes a good link between batch and continuous cleaning experiments.

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“…Yang et al 5 subsequently introduced the technique of zerodischarge fluid dynamic gauging (ZFDG), wherein liquid is ejected and then withdrawn through the nozzle so that there is no net flow of liquid, facilitating sterile and aseptic operation. Gravity does not affect the gauging nozzle operation and different FDG devices have employed vertically mounted nozzles (e.g., Gu et al 6 ) as well as horizontally mounted ones ( 7,8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forces exerted by the FDG flow on the surface of the layer can then be calculated with some confidence from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. 3,[5][6][7]9,12,13 Chew et al 12 poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc; and a complex model food soil containing starches, proteins, and fats which is known to present challenges in cleaning. 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid‐dynamic gauging for studying the initial swelling of soft solid layers

Tsai¹,

Cuckston²,

Hallmark³

et al. 2019

AIChE Journal

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An innovative fluid-dynamic gauging (FDG) device to study the initial as well as longterm swelling or removal of soft solid layers immersed in a liquid environment in real time and in situ is presented. This sideways FDG (SiDG) device was developed for soft solid layers whose properties change significantly on contact with liquid. Calibration tests indicated a resolution of ±10 μm. The open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM was used to model the flow in the SiDG nozzle. Good agreement was obtained between experimental and CFD results at different nozzle clearances, so that the shear stress exerted by the gauging flow can be computed accurately. A series of demonstration studies are presented, on layers of petroleum jelly, polyvinyl acetate, gelatin and a complex model soil. Initial swelling dynamics are captured and the influence of pH on initial swelling behavior, previously inaccessible, is reported.

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Zero discharge fluid dynamic gauging for studying the thickness of soft solid layers

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Zero-Discharge Fluid-Dynamic Gauging for Studying the Swelling of Soft Solid Layers

Zero-Discharge Fluid-Dynamic Gauging for Studying the Swelling of Soft Solid Layers

Cleaning of complex soil layers on vertical walls by fixed and moving impinging liquid jets

Fluid‐dynamic gauging for studying the initial swelling of soft solid layers

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