Zeptonewton force sensing with nanospheres in an optical lattice

Ranjit, Gambhir; Cunningham, M.; Casey, Kirsten; Geraci, Andrew

doi:10.1103/physreva.93.053801

Cited by 308 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In research, different levitated systems are being explored to push into unexplored levels of sensitivity. This includes the demonstration of a record force sensitivity of 4 × 10 −22 N/ √ Hz with an ion crystal [14], the use of optically levitated dielectric nanospheres [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] as novel force sensors with promising sensitivities [22][23][24] of 2 × 10 −20 N/ √ Hz [25], and matter-wave interferometry using clouds of atoms with a sensitivity of ∼ 10 −9 g/ √ Hz [26,27].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Inertial and Force Sensors with Diamagnetically Levitated Magnets

et al. 2017

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We theoretically show that a magnet can be stably levitated on top of a punctured superconductor sheet in the Meissner state without applying any external field. The trapping potential created by such induced-only superconducting currents is characterized for magnetic spheres ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of millimeters. Such a diamagnetically levitated magnet is predicted to be extremely well isolated from the environment. We therefore propose to use it as an ultrasensitive force and inertial sensor. A magnetomechanical read-out of its displacement can be performed by using superconducting quantum interference devices. An analysis using current technology shows that force and acceleration sensitivities on the order of 10 −23 N/ √ Hz (for a 100 nm magnet) and 10 −14 g/ √ Hz (for a 10 mm magnet) might be within reach in a cryogenic environment. Such unprecedented sensitivities can be used for a variety of purposes, from designing ultra-sensitive inertial sensors for technological applications (e.g. gravimetry, avionics, and space industry), to scientific investigations on measuring Casimir forces of magnetic origin and gravitational physics.Most modern force and inertial sensors are based on the response of a mechanical oscillator to an external perturbation. Such sensors find applications in a wide range of domains: from measuring accelerations in smartphones and automobiles [1] in present-day technology, to being used on the cutting edge of research for magnetic resonance force microscopy [2][3][4], mass spectroscopy at the single-molecule level [5], and measuring gravitational and Casimir physics at short distances [6][7][8][9][10]. Most force and inertial sensors are based on microfabricated clamped mechanical oscillators, whose sensitivity is ultimately limited by mechanical dissipation due to material and clamping losses [11]. Levitation offers a clear route to avoiding these loss mechanisms. Indeed, the most precise commercial accelerometers are based on levitated systems: the superconducting gravimeter, which levitates a superconducting centimeter-sized sphere in the mixed superconducting state to achieve acceleration sensitivities of 3.1 × 10 −10 g/ √ Hz [12], and the MicroStar accelerometer, which electrostatically levitates a centimeter-sized cube in space leading to 10 −11 g/ √ Hz [13]. In research, different levitated systems are being explored to push into unexplored levels of sensitivity. This includes the demonstration of a record force sensitivity of 4 × 10 , and matter-wave interferometry using clouds of atoms with a sensitivity of ∼ 10 −9 g/ √ Hz [26,27].In this Letter, we aim at exploiting the exquisite isolation from the environment provided by magnetic levitation in a cryogenic environment. In particular, we propose an all-magnetic passively-levitated sensor that can be scaled over a broad range of sizes and is predicted to reach unprecedented ultra-high force and inertial sensitivities of 10 −23 N/ √ Hz and 10 −14 g/ √ Hz, respectively. We show that a spherical particle with a per...

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Inertial and Force Sensors with Diamagnetically Levitated Magnets

et al. 2017

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“…Equation. ( 4) shows that the nonlinearity of the librational mode is inversely proportional to the inertia of ellipsoidal nanoparticle, but independent of the power and the shape of the optical trap.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applications in metrology, such as ultra-sensitive detectors for force sensing [3,4], millicharge searching [5] and others [6][7][8], have been studied. When the motion is cooled to the quantum ground state, it can be utilized for the detection of quantum gravity [9] and the test of objective collapse models [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bistability and squeezing of the librational mode of an optically trapped nanoparticle

2017

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We systematically investigate the bistable behavior and squeezing property of the librational mode of a levitated nonspherical nanoparticle trapped by laser beams. By expanding the librational potential to the forth order of the librational angle θ, we find that the nonlinear coefficient of this mode is dependent only on the size and material of nanoparticle, but independent of trapping potential shape. The bistability and hysteresis are displayed when the driving frequency is red-detuned to the librational mode. In the bluedetuned region, we have studied squeezing of the variance of librational mode in detail, which has potential application for measurement of angle and angular momentum.

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“…The dielectric microsphere is attracted to the anti-node of the field. The resulting gradient in the optical field provides a sufficiently deep optical potential well which allows the particle to be confined in a number of possible trapping sites, with precise localization due to the optical standing wave [29][30][31][32]. We use the two spheres with the same radius R i , density ρ i , and mass M i (i = 1, 2).…”

Section: Theory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity optomechanical spectroscopy constraints chameleon dark energy scenarios

Liu

Zhu

2018

Eur. Phys. J. C

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The chameleon scalar field is a matter-coupled dark energy candidate with the screening mechanisms. In the present paper,we propose a quantum cavity optomechanical scheme to detect the possible signature of chameleons via the optical pump-probe spectroscopy. Compare to the previous experiment the sensitivity can be improved by the using of electrostatic shield and a pump-probe scheme to read the weak frequency splitting. We expect that this work will be a useful addition to the current literature on proposals to detect effects of dark energy.

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Zeptonewton force sensing with nanospheres in an optical lattice

Cited by 308 publications

References 41 publications

Ultrasensitive Inertial and Force Sensors with Diamagnetically Levitated Magnets

Ultrasensitive Inertial and Force Sensors with Diamagnetically Levitated Magnets

Bistability and squeezing of the librational mode of an optically trapped nanoparticle

Cavity optomechanical spectroscopy constraints chameleon dark energy scenarios

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