Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks derived carbon with rational porous structure mediated by polyvinylpyrrolidone applied as electrode materials for supercapacitors

High-capacity vanadium nitride anode materials synthesized by melamine-assisted pyrolysis

“…For supercapacitors, the electrode materials are mostly carbon-based. These include 0D quantum dots 6,7 and carbon dots, 8,9 1D nanowires 10 and carbon nanotubes, 11,12 2D graphene [13][14][15] and MXene, [16][17][18] and 3D metal-organic frameworks, [19][20][21][22] such as metal sulfides (CoS), metal oxides (RuO 2 , 23,24 V 2 O 5 , [25][26][27][28][29] and Co 3 O 4 30,31 ), conductive polymers (PANI, [32][33][34] PPY, 34,35 and PTh 36,37 ), and transition metal nitrides (VN 38,39 and MoN 36,40 ). Vanadium nitride 41 (VN) is the earliest metal nitride to be employed as the pseudocapacitive electrode material, and has the advantages of exceptional theoretical specific capacity (1, 340 F g À1 ), superior conductivity (1.6 Â 10 6 S m À1 ), and a voltage window of 1.2 V in an alkaline electrolyte.…”