Zeolites and Biochar Modulate Olive Fruit and Oil Polyphenolic Profile

Martins, Sandra; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; Martins-Gomes, Carlos; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Arrobas, Margarida; Rodrigues, M. Ângelo; Correia, Carlos M.; Nunes, Fernando M.

doi:10.3390/antiox11071332

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Aiming to study the correlation between the various individual phytochemicals and each bioactivity, score-plots similar to those presented in Figure 5 for PCA were obtained using the OPLS-DA (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) model. This analysis allows an easier interpretation and presents advantages to data sets comprising a higher number of observations than the number of variables, being proposed as a promising tool to highlight statistically significant components in comparable data sets [ 28 , 40 ]. The OPLS-DA model uses an orthogonal signal correction filter to identify the variations related to the prediction of a quantitative response from the variations not related to the prediction [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate inter-year variance of the individual phenolic components and performed as described by Ferreira, et al 2020 [ 27 ]. The correlation between individual phytochemicals and antioxidant or enzymatic inhibition activities was performed through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), as described by Martins, et al 2022 [ 28 ]. Statistical analyses and graphic design were performed using Statistica (Version 14; TIBCO Software Inc., California, USA), SIMCA software (Version 14.1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Thymus carnosus Extracts: A Three-Year Study on the Impact of Annual Variation and Geographic Location

et al. 2023

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Thymus carnosus Boiss. is a near-threatened species, and, as for many species, its potential for medicinal purposes may be lost if measures towards plant protection are not taken. A way of preserving these species is to increase knowledge about their medicinal properties and economic potential. Thus, with the objective of studying the potentiality of introducing T. carnosus as a crop, the stability of the phytochemical profile of T. carnosus was studied during a period of three years by comparing the phytochemical profile of extracts obtained from plants harvested in two different edaphoclimatic locations, as well as by comparing the respective bioactivities, namely, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiaging, and neuroprotective activities. It was reported, for the first time, the effect of annual variation and geographic location in the phytochemical composition of aqueous decoction and hydroethanolic extracts of T. carnosus. In addition, the presence of two salvianolic acid B/E isomers in T. carnosus extracts is here described for the first time. Despite the variations in phytochemical composition, according to harvesting location or year, T. carnosus extracts maintain high antioxidant activity, assessed by their capacity to scavenge ABTS•+, •OH , NO•, O2•− radicals, as well as to prevent β-carotene bleaching. All extracts presented significant potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase, denoting neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anti-diabetic potential. In conclusion, the vegetative stage and location of harvest are key factors to obtain the maximum potential of this species, namely, a phytochemical profile with health benefit bioactivities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Thymus carnosus Extracts: A Three-Year Study on the Impact of Annual Variation and Geographic Location

et al. 2023

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“…In 2018, in general, oils from legume cover crops, especially when combined with zeolites, showed lower values of FA, PI, K232, K270 and ∆K. While FA measures the hydrolytic breakdown of triglycerides to di- and monoglycerides, leading to fatty acid release, PI measures the release of peroxide compounds arising from primary oxidation and spectrophotometric values, and K232 and K270 measure conjugated dienes and trienes and their secondary oxidation products [ 59 ]. The highest values obtained in the T olive oils suggests a higher level of hydrolytic breakdown, damage and oxidation, than in the other soil treatments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having scarce information about the influence of legume cover crops on the commercial quality indices of olive oils, previous studies have revealed a similar pattern of free acidity response [ 24 , 60 ], while no significant effects of legumes were detected in the peroxide index, K232, K270 or ∆K [ 24 ]. Meanwhile, the application of zeolites increased the oleic/linoleic ratio and ameliorated the oil quality indices FA, PI and K232, when compared with the single use of NPKB fertilizers in a rainfed olive orchard [ 59 ]. On the other hand, in 2019, the free acidity response was reversed, showing that the T olive oil had the lowest value, while for the rest of the evaluated parameters (i.e., primary oxidation (PI, K232), advanced oxidation (K270), hydrolytic alteration (acidity)), no influence of soil management treatment was found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Zeolites with Early-Maturing Annual Legume Cover Crops in Rainfed Orchards: Effects on Yield, Fatty Acid Composition and Polyphenolic Profile of Olives and Olive Oil

et al. 2023

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Under climate change threats, there is a growing need to adapt the conventional agronomic practices used in rainfed olive orchards by sustainable practices, in order to ensure adequate crop yield and olive oil quality and to preserve soil health. Therefore, for two years, the effects of conventional tillage practice (T) and two sustainable soil management strategies, a leguminous cover crop (LC) and its combination with natural zeolites (ZL), on the yield, fatty acid composition, polyphenolic profile and quality indices of olive fruits and oil were evaluated. Crop yield was significantly increased by LC and ZL in the first year. Although in the second year no significant differences were verified, the cumulative yield increased significantly by 31.6% and 35.5% in LC and ZL trees, respectively. LC enhanced the moisture and size of olives, while ZL increased, in general, the concentrations of oleuropein, verbascoside, caffeic acid and epicatechin, as well the oleic/linoleic ratio in fruits and the levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, tyrosol, verbascoside and caffeic acid in olive oil. Despite the higher concentration of total phenols in the fruits and oil from T trees in the warmer and dryer year, the quality of the oil decreased, mainly when compared with ZL, as evidenced by the peroxide value and K232 and K270 coefficients. In short, both sustainable soil management strategies appear to be promising practices to implement in olive orchards under rainfed conditions, but the innovative strategy of combining zeolites with legume cover crops, first reported in the present study, confers advantages from a nutritional and technological point of view. Nevertheless, studies subjected to the long-term use of these practices should be conducted to ensure the sustainability of the crop yield and olive oil quality.

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“…On the other hand, olive oil is an important source of heart-healthy fats along with vitamins. It is also associated with several beneficial effects on human health due to its balanced fatty acid composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic and cardioprotective properties [ 5 , 6 ], and contributes to a more balanced diet, being a fundamental element for those who want to maintain a healthy lifestyle [ 7 ]. It is mostly composed by triacylglycerols (98%), free fatty acids, pigments, phenols, tocopherols, sterols, phospholipids, waxes, squalene, and other hydrocarbons [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Olives and Oil in Response to Nutrient Application under Rainfed Conditions

Silva

Gonçalves²,

Martins

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The effects of mineral fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of olives and oil under rainfed conditions is scarce. In this three-year study, the results of a nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and boron (B) fertilization trial carried out in a young rainfed olive grove and arranged as a nutrient omission trial are reported. The control consisted of the application of N, P, K and B (NPKB) and four other treatments corresponded to the removal of one of them (N0, P0, K0 and B0). Olive yield and several variables associated with the physicochemical properties of olives and oil were evaluated. The NPKB treatment increased olive yield compared to the treatment that did not receive N (N0). Although dependent on the climate conditions of the crop season, the NPKB treatment increased fruit weight and the pulp/pit ratio and its fruits tended to accumulate more oil than K0. However, the phenolics concentrations on fruits and oil tended to be lower. All olive oil samples were classified in the “extra virgin” category and all showed a decrease in its stability between 3 and 15 months of storage, regardless of treatment, especially in N0, P0 and B0 treatments. The results of the sensorial analysis indicate that all the oils fell into the medium fruitiness and greenly-fruity category. Only in P0 and B0 were defects detected, namely muddy sediment. Thus, this study seems to indicate the importance of N application, but also a balanced nutrient application and that further studies are needed, given the difficulty in finding clear trends in the response of measured variables to fertilizer treatments.

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Zeolites and Biochar Modulate Olive Fruit and Oil Polyphenolic Profile

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Thymus carnosus Extracts: A Three-Year Study on the Impact of Annual Variation and Geographic Location

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Thymus carnosus Extracts: A Three-Year Study on the Impact of Annual Variation and Geographic Location

Combining Zeolites with Early-Maturing Annual Legume Cover Crops in Rainfed Orchards: Effects on Yield, Fatty Acid Composition and Polyphenolic Profile of Olives and Olive Oil

Olive Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Olives and Oil in Response to Nutrient Application under Rainfed Conditions

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