Zeolite-Y loaded chitosan nanoparticles nanocomposite as endodontic intra-canal medicament: synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity: An in vitro study

Abstract

Objectives To synthesize a bioactive nanocomposite intra-canal medicament using chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-Np), loaded into Zeolite-Y as a carrier, and evaluate its antimicrobial activity in the presence and absence of tissue inhibitors. Also, to evaluate its cytotoxic activity against fibroblast cells. Materials and methods A concentration of 3% (w/v) electrosprayed Ch-Np was mixed with Zeolite-Y in a concentration of 53.3 (w/v) and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Analysis (EDS). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis using the agar diffusion test, and Time-Kill Test performed by using the broth micro-dilution technique in presence of tissue inhibitors. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells using the standard MTT assay. Results The mixture resulted in a white paste with a crystalline-like structure under SEM. EDS analysis showed a reduction in the anatomical percentage of Zeolite-Y, indicating cation exchange with Ch-Np. A mean diameter inhibition zones of 9.57 mm for S. mutans and 7.85 mm for E. faecalis were observed, indicating antimicrobial activity. S. mutans and E. faecalis were completely eradicated in the presence of tissue inhibitors. The Ch-Np-Zeolite nanocomposite promotes the growth of 3T3 fibroblast cells significantly (p = 0.00). Conclusions Zeolite-Y loaded chitosan nanoparticle nanocomposite completely eradicated S. mutans and E. faecalis even in the presence of tissue inhibitors while maintaining its biocompatibility. Clinical relevance: The novel Ch-Np-Zeolite nanocomposite exhibits antimicrobial activity against endodontic pathogens while maintaining its biocompatibility, providing the potential to be used as a novel intra-canal medicament.