Zeolite Catalysts. Hydrocracking and Hydroisomerization of n-Dodecane

Schulz, Hans; Weitkamp, Jens

doi:10.1021/i360041a007

Cited by 93 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Most of the Cay-supported metal sulfide catalysts show high conversions for cracking of n-decane compared with the pure Cay support, but their catalytic properties are nevertheless far from ideal hydrocracking behavior, as observed for instance on metallic WCaY catalysts (Schulz and Weitkamp, 1972;Jacobs et al, 1980;Weitkamp, 1982). There are large differences in hydrocracking properties between the various metal sulfide catalysts, which correlate roughly with the activity trends observed for other sulfide catalyzed reactions like thiophene HDS (Vissers et al, 1984;Ledoux et al, 1986), HDS of dibenzothiophene at low (Lacroix et al, 1989) or high (Pecoraro and Chianelli, 1981) pressure, HDN of quinoline (Eijsbouts et al, 1988(Eijsbouts et al, , 1991a, and the hydrogenation (HYD) of biphenyl (Lacroix et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocracking of N-Decane over Zeolite-Supported Metal Sulfide Catalysts. 1. CaY-Supported Transition Metal Sulfides

Welters¹,

Waerden²,

Zandbergen³

et al. 1995

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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. (1995). Hydrocracking of n-decane over zeolite-supported metal sulfide catalysts. 1. CaY-supported transition metal sulfides. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 34(4), 1156-1165. DOI: 10.1021 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. The hydrocracking properties of various Cay-supported metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Ir, and Pt) sulfide catalysts (prepared by impregnation) are examined by studying the hydroconversion of n-decane. All catalysts show cracking conversions which are significantly higher than that of the Cay support. There are large differences in catalytic behavior dependent on the metal sulfide present on the zeolite support. The amounts of S present on the catalyst are analyzed to determine the degree of sulfidation of the metal sulfide, while high resolution electron microscopy is used to characterize the distribution of the metal sulfide phase over the zeolite support. The observed differences in activity can be explained by the differences in intrinsic activity of the metal sulfide phase and the differences in distribution of this phase over the zeolite particle (internal or external sulfide deposition).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocracking of N-Decane over Zeolite-Supported Metal Sulfide Catalysts. 1. CaY-Supported Transition Metal Sulfides

Welters¹,

Waerden²,

Zandbergen³

et al. 1995

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…In this context, particular attention was placed on the isomeriza-tion and hydro cracking of n-decane [146,[181][182][183][184][185][186] and to hydro cracking of naphthenes, in particular butylcydohexane [187,188]. These reactions have in common that they are conducted under hydrogen, which is activated by the metal component of the catalyst.…”

Section: Test Reactions For Bifunctional Molecular Sieve Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-Selective Catalysis in Zeolites

Weitkamp

Puppe

1999

Catalysis and Zeolites

119

129

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ScopeAmong the primary tasks of catalysis is the control of the selectivity in chemical reactions. In heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in zeolites and zeolite-related microporous solids, this can, inter alia, be achieved by exploiting the phenomenon of shape-selective catalysis. In a very simplified manner, shape-selective catalysis can be described as the combination of catalysis with the molecular sieve effect. Shape selectivity effects can occur, if the sizes and shapes of reactants, of products, of transition states or of reaction intermediates are similar to the dimensions of the pores and cavities of the zeolite.The first examples of shape-selective catalysis in zeolites were reported more than 35 years ago by Weisz and Frilette from the Mobil laboratories [1,2]. Since those days, research in the field of shape-selective catalysis has expanded both at universities and in industrial laboratories in an impressive manner. This has resulted in numerous examples of shape selectivity effects in the course of catalytic conversions over zeoli tic catalysts, which are nowadays no longer restricted to acid-catalyzed reactions as described in the early days. Rather, there are also examples for shape-selective catalysis on metals, on redox active sites, on basic guests in zeolites, and even for shape-selective photochemistry in a zeoli tic environment. Moreover, from the intensive research done in the field of shapeselective catalysis during the last decades, several large-scale commercial applications in the refining and the petrochemical industries have emerged, demonstrating the usefulness and importance of the phenomenon of shape-selective catalysis.In the past, numerous review papers on shape-selective catalysis, its principles and its commercial applications have been published [e. g., 3 -19]. In view of the vast amount of work that has been done in this field in recent years, it is obvious that a review on shape-selective catalysis cannot be exhaustive. Rather, the discussion has to be restricted to selected topics. In the present contribution, emphasis will be placed on a thorough discussion of the classical and of more recent principles of shape-selective catalysis and on how these principles can be used to rationalize the observed catalytic behavior in selected examples. In addition, it is the aim of the present contribution to discuss the available methods for tailoring the shape-selective properties of zeolite catalysts and for their characterization by catalytic methods. Finally, an attempt will be under-

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“…Typical examples of these types of catalysts are noble metals (Pt, Pd) supported by acidic zeolites. Weitkamp et al (Schulz and Weitkamp, 1972;Weitkamp, 1982) and Jacobs et al (Jacobs et al, 1982(Jacobs et al, , 1984Martens et al, 1986;Jacobs and Martens, 1991) examined the reaction mechanism for the hydrocracking of higher paraffins over these types of catalysts extensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocracking of n-Decane over Zeolite-Supported Metal Sulfide Catalysts. 2. Zeolite Y-Supported Ni and Ni-Mo Sulfides

Welters¹,

Beer²,

Santen³

1995

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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. (1995). Hydrocracking of ndecane over zeolite-supported metal sulfide catalysts. 2. Zeolite Y-supported Ni and Ni-Mo sulfides. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 34(4), 1166-1171. DOI: 10.1021/ie00043a019General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. For zeolite Y-supported nickel sulfide catalysts the influence of the metal sulfide dispersion on the hydrocracking properties for n-decane is examined. In order to obtain different nickel sulfide distributions (inside or outside the zeolite structure) and dispersions, the preparation method (impregnation of CaY or ion exchange of Nay), sulfidation procedure (direct sulfidation or sulfidation after drying), and metal loading are varied. A higher nickel sulfide surface (as measured by dynamic oxygen chemisorption) results in a strong increase of the n-decane conversion, but this is not accompanied by an improvement of the catalytic properties toward ideal hydrocracking. Additionally, some zeolite Y-supported Ni-Mo sulfide catalysts (varying in preparation method and sulfidation procedure) are tested for the hydroconversion of n-decane.However, no promoter effect could be observed. The activity of the bimetallic sulfide catalysts is always almost equal to that of the most active monometallic sulfide constituent.

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Zeolite Catalysts. Hydrocracking and Hydroisomerization of n-Dodecane

Cited by 93 publications

References 7 publications

Hydrocracking of N-Decane over Zeolite-Supported Metal Sulfide Catalysts. 1. CaY-Supported Transition Metal Sulfides

Hydrocracking of N-Decane over Zeolite-Supported Metal Sulfide Catalysts. 1. CaY-Supported Transition Metal Sulfides

Shape-Selective Catalysis in Zeolites

Hydrocracking of n-Decane over Zeolite-Supported Metal Sulfide Catalysts. 2. Zeolite Y-Supported Ni and Ni-Mo Sulfides

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