Zeeman slowing of thulium atoms

Chebakov, K.; Соколов, А. В.; Акимов, А. В.; Sukachev, Denis D.; Kanorsky, S. I.; Kolachevsky, Nikolai N.; Сорокин, В. Н.

doi:10.1364/ol.34.002955

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Here F and F ′ denote the total atomic momentum quantum numbers for ground and excited states respectively. In 2009 we demonstrated the Zeeman deceleration of a Tm thermal beam using laser radiation at 410.6 nm without a repumping laser [26]. The presence of the decay channel from the upper cooling level ( fig.…”

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confidence: 89%

Magneto-optical trap for thulium atoms

et al. 2010

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Thulium atoms are trapped in a magneto-optical trap using a strong transition at 410 nm with a small branching ratio. We trap up to 7 × 10 4 atoms at a temperature of 0.8(2) mK after deceleration in a 40 cm long Zeeman slower. Optical leaks from the cooling cycle influence the lifetime of atoms in the MOT which varies between 0.3 -1.5 s in our experiments. The lower limit for the leaking rate from the upper cooling level is measured to be 22(6) s −1 . The repumping laser transferring the atomic population out of the F=3 hyperfine ground-state sublevel gives a 30% increase for the lifetime and the number of atoms in the trap.

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confidence: 89%

Magneto-optical trap for thulium atoms

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“…Recently, intrinsically anisotropic BEC systems with electric dipole-dipole interactions between polar molecules have been studied experimentally [5]. New research directions are concerned with magnetic quantum gases consisting of heavy rare-earth-metal atoms like thulium [6] with | M | = 4µ B , erbium [7] with | M | = 7µ B , and dysprosium [8] with…”

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confidence: 99%

Ground-state and collective modes of a spin-polarized dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap

2010

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We report results for the Thomas-Fermi ground state of a spin-polarized dipolar interacting Bose-Einstein condensate for the case when the external magnetic field B is not orientated parallel to a principal axis but is aligned parallel to a symmetry plane of a harmonic anisotropic trap. For a dipole interaction strength parameter ε D = 0 the release energy of the condensate depends on the trap orientation angle ϑ T between the principal axis e z,T of the trap and the field B. From the quasiclassical Josephson equation of macroscopic quantum physics we determine the low-lying eigenfrequencies of small-amplitude collective modes of the condensate density for various trap frequencies ω a and trap orientation angles ϑ T . For the special case of a spherical harmonic trap with trap frequency ω it is rigorously shown for − 1 2 < ε D < 1 that a pure s-wave symmetry breather excitation of the condensate density exists, that oscillates at a constant frequency s = √ 5ω around the ground-state cloud, despite the well-known fact that the shape of the ground-state cloud of a spin-polarized dipolar condensate is for ε D = 0 not isotropic. For ϑ T = 0 the small-amplitude modes of the particle density with isotropic and quadrupolar symmetry consist of two groups. There exist four modes that are combinations of basis functions, with s-wave, d x 2 -y 2 -and d z 2 -wave, and d xz -wave symmetry, and two modes that are combinations of basis functions with d yz -and d xy -wave symmetry. A characteristic difference in the dependence of the frequencies of these six collective modes on the dipole interaction strength parameter ε D for prolate and oblate harmonic triaxial traps, respectively, is suggested to be used as an experimental method to measure the s-wave scattering length a s of the atoms.

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“…In particular, the lanthanide rare-earth (RE) atoms have attracted considerable experimental and theoretical interest. Recent experiments with RE atoms have resulted in Bose-Einstein condensation of Yb [1], magneto-optical trapping of Er [2] and Dy [3], Zeeman slowing of Tm [4], and large ensembles (>10 11 atoms) of buffer-gas-loaded and magnetically trapped RE atoms of several species below 1 K [5,6]. This interest in RE systems stems from important, sometimes unique, attributes such as narrow transitions which allow for low Doppler cooling limits and improved frequency standards [7], large magnetic moments with strong long-range dipolar interactions, and a "submerged-shell" character that in certain circumstances can shield atom-atom interactions from anisotropic valence electron shells [6].…”

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“…1). We produce either trapped atomic Er or Tm by laser ablation of solid metal foils into 4 He buffer gas in the presence of a magnetic quadrupole field (trap depth, up to 3.7 T) produced by large superconducting anti-Helmholtz coils surrounding the cell. The ablated atoms cool via elastic collisions with the cold buffer gas and, within 50 ms [17], assume a Boltzmann distribution in the trap with a peak density of up to 7 × 10 11 cm −3 .…”

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Large spin relaxation rates in trapped submerged-shell atoms

Connolly¹,

Au²,

Doret³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. A

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The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Spin relaxation due to atom-atom collisions is measured for magnetically trapped erbium and thulium atoms at a temperature near 500 mK. The rate constants for Er-Er and Tm-Tm collisions are 3.0 × 10 −10 and 1.1 × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 , respectively, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than those observed for highly magnetic S-state atoms. This is strong evidence for an additional, dominant, spin relaxation mechanism, electronic interaction anisotropy, in collisions between these "submerged-shell," L = 0 atoms. These large spin relaxation rates imply that evaporative cooling of these atoms in a magnetic trap will be highly inefficient.

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Zeeman slowing of thulium atoms

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Magneto-optical trap for thulium atoms

Magneto-optical trap for thulium atoms

Ground-state and collective modes of a spin-polarized dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap

Large spin relaxation rates in trapped submerged-shell atoms

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