Zebra mussel as a new tool to show evidence of freshwater contamination by waterborne <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>

Kerambrun, Élodie; Ladeiro, Mélissa Palos; Bigot-Clivot, Aurélie; Dedourge-Geffard, Odile; Dupuis, Emilie; Villena, Isabelle; Aubert, Dominique; Geffard, Alain

doi:10.1111/jam.12999

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Laboratory studies have shown that marine and freshwater bivalves can concentrate waterborne protozoan parasites (18)(19)(20). Consistent with this, some studies have reported the detection of T. gondii oocysts in different marine (12,(21)(22)(23) or continental (24) bivalves, allowing the study of a large spatial scale (freshwater-seawater continuum).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Infectivity Assessed Using a Sporocyst-Based Cell Culture Assay Combined with Quantitative PCR for Environmental Applications

Rousseau

Escotte-Binet

Carbona

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous foodborne protozoan that can infect humans at low dose and displays different prevalences among countries in the world. Ingestion of food or water contaminated with small amounts of T. gondii oocysts may result in human infection. However, there are no regulations for monitoring oocysts in food, mainly because of a lack of standardized methods to detect them. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a reliable method, applicable in biomonitoring, for the rapid detection of infectious oocysts by cell culture of their sporocysts combined with quantitative PCR (sporocyst-CC-qPCR) and (ii) to adapt this method to blue and zebra mussels experimentally contaminated by oocysts with the objective to use these organisms as sentinels of aquatic environments. Combining mechanical treatment and bead beating leads to the release of 84% ± 14% of free sporocysts. The sporocyst-CC-qPCR detected fewer than ten infectious oocysts in water within 4 days (1 day of contact and 3 days of cell culture) compared to detection after 4 weeks by mouse bioassay. For both mussel matrices, oocysts were prepurified using a 30% Percoll gradient and treated with sodium hypochlorite before cell culture of their sporocysts. This assay was able to detect as few as ten infective oocysts. This sporocyst-based CC-qPCR appears to be a good alternative to mouse bioassay for monitoring infectious T. gondii oocysts directly in water and also using biological sentinel mussel species. This method offers a new perspective to assess the environmental risk for human health associated with this parasite. IMPORTANCE The ubiquitous protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is the subject of renewed interest due to the spread of oocysts in water and food causing endemic and epidemic outbreaks of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals worldwide. Displaying a sensitivity close to animal models, cell culture represents a real alternative to assess the infectivity of oocysts in water and in biological sentinel mussels. This method opens interesting perspectives for evaluating human exposure to infectious T. gondii oocysts in the environment, where oocyst amounts are considered to be very small.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Infectivity Assessed Using a Sporocyst-Based Cell Culture Assay Combined with Quantitative PCR for Environmental Applications

Rousseau

Escotte-Binet

Carbona

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In spring, T. gondii was detected upstream of one WWTP. These results highlight the interest to use D. polymorpha caged as a new effective tool in sanitary biomonitoring of water bodies [28].…”

Section: Protozoa Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In fact, the caging of individuals from the same population (and a fortiori the same species) in different sites allows (i) to limit or avoid influence of intrinsic parameters and (ii) to expose organisms for a time-limited period, so recent contamination can be detected. As for contamination level and/or biological effects associated, several studies had underlined the interest of the active biomonitoring approach using the zebra mussel, D. polymorpha [28,52,53,77,78]. In the purpose of improving the ecological relevance of biomarkers as early-warning responses, many studies proposed to apply a multi-biomarkers approach considering physiological processes particularly those implied to maintain an individual and/or its population (e.g., reproduction, energy, and immunity) as indicated in part 3 of this chapter.…”

Section: Interest Of D Polymorpha In Aquatic Biomonitoring Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mussel as a Tool to Define Continental Watershed Quality

Ladeiro¹,

Barjhoux²,

Bigot-Clivot³

et al. 2017

Organismal and Molecular Malacology

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Bivalves appear as relevant sentinel species in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment. This is particularly true in marine ecosystems. In fact, several biomonitoring frameworks in the world used mollusks since several decades on the base of contaminant accumulation (Mussel Watch, ROCCH) and/or biological responses called biomarker (OSPAR) measurements. In freshwater systems, zebra and quagga mussels could represent alternative sentinels, which could be seen as the counterparts of mussel marine species. This chapter presents original studies and projects underlying the interest of these freshwater mussels for water quality monitoring based on contaminant accumulation and biomarker development measurements. These sentinel species could be used as a tool for chemical/biological monitoring of biota under the European water framework directive and for the development of effect-based monitoring tools.

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“…It is therefore necessary to define the effects of protozoa on zebra mussel health. Dreissena polymorpha was chosen for this experiment for several reasons: (i) it is a sentinel freshwater species frequently used in ecotoxicological studies, (ii) it can accumulate these protozoa, whether in laboratory studies or in the field (Graczyk et al ., ; Palos‐Ladeiro et al ., ; Kerambrun et al ., ) and (iii), although it is a paratenic host for the three protozoa mentioned above, their consequences on biological responses, especially on the immune system, are still unknown (Palos‐Ladeiro et al ., ). The bioaccumulation of protozoa by mussels is organ‐dependent, mainly observed in the mantle and the haemolymph compartments (Palos‐Ladeiro et al ., ).…”

Section: Haemocyte Mortality and Flow Cytometry Parameters After Ex Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of cytotoxic effects of human protozoan parasites on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) haemocytes

Guernic

Geffard

Rioult

et al. 2018

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Summary The interaction between human protozoan parasites and the immune cells of bivalves, that can accumulate them, is poorly described. The purpose of this study is to consider the mechanisms of action of some of these protozoa on zebra mussel haemocytes, by evaluating their cytotoxic potential. Haemocytes were exposed to Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis or Cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts. The results showed a cytotoxic potency of the two largest protozoa on haemocytes and suggested the formation of haemocyte aggregates. Thus, this study reveals the first signs of a haemocyte:protozoan interaction.

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Zebra mussel as a new tool to show evidence of freshwater contamination by waterborne Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract: This study shows that transplanted zebra mussels could be used as biosamplers to reveal contamination of freshwater systems by T. gondii.

Cited by 28 publications

References 57 publications

Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Infectivity Assessed Using a Sporocyst-Based Cell Culture Assay Combined with Quantitative PCR for Environmental Applications

Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Infectivity Assessed Using a Sporocyst-Based Cell Culture Assay Combined with Quantitative PCR for Environmental Applications

Mussel as a Tool to Define Continental Watershed Quality

First evidence of cytotoxic effects of human protozoan parasites on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) haemocytes

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