Zanzibar

Lofchie, Michael F.

doi:10.1515/9781400879540

Cited by 70 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The colonial regime thus allowed ZNP, in alliance with ZPPP, to form the islands' first government as Zanzibar was granted independence from Britain, although ASP had gained 54 per cent of the popular vote in the July 1963 election. 38 It was in this context of contesting nationalisms that the campaign leading to the January 1961 elections in particular was marked by bitter accusations and counter-accusations between ASP and ZNP. While ASP regarded ZNP as an Arabdominated party, as Shivji noted, the ZNP accused ASP of being a puppet of the mainlanders and that if it came to power it would sell out to Tanganyika.…”

Section: The Complexity Of Ethnic Nationalismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Politics of Zanzibar: In Search of the Root Causes of the 1964 Revolution

Hwang

2009

International Area Review

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Under the fragile economic structure, the emergence of the British Protectorate, which was first established in 1890, created the highly differentiated system of racially identifiable economic and social classes in the Zanzibari society. This British colonial policies, which ultimately divided and fragmented the multiracial and cosmopolitan society of Zanzibar, promoted the condition for the non-privileged and inferior classes to form the resistant and counterbalancing forces against the colonial linkages. Within this context, Zanzibar was also politically affected by the ideological influences of Pan-Africanism as well as ethnic nationalisms which were conducive to constructing an evolving, dynamic and flexible politics of Zanzibari (or swahili) society. Focusing on the major two factors such as economic structure and ideological and/or political structure embedded in the Zanzibari society, hence, this article attempts to explore the underlying forces to bring forth the revolution of Zanzibar in 1964.

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Section: The Complexity Of Ethnic Nationalismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Politics of Zanzibar: In Search of the Root Causes of the 1964 Revolution

Hwang

2009

International Area Review

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“…For example, the government's policy of redistributing trade rewards excludes Luo participation. 68 Opposition to governmental trade policies, however, is not wholly ethnic in character; it also includes lawyers, other professionals, and church leaders, who are increasingly concerned about the lack of democracy in every sphere of economic and political life. Furthermore, the deterioration of agricultural producer prices by 26 per cent since 1981 has eroded some farmer support, even from those who benefit from the ethnic character of government targeting.…”

Section: The Trade-liberalisation Experience In Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Globalisation: Politics and Trade Policy in Ghana and Kenya

Grant¹

1999

Geopolitics

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“…ZNP strength was concentrated in the urban constituencies; the only rural constituencies on Zanzibar Island where the ZNP gained a majority of votes were those in the north and northwest inhabited by the Tumbatu. 64 As No precise data are available on relations between chiefs and the population, Hutu/Tuutsi interaction, and access to land in these areas of high abstention. However, it is known that Tuutsi rule in the central and eastern regions was of long standing and apparently was well entrenched.…”

Section: Land Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonialism, Ethnicity, and Rural Political Protest: Rwanda and Zanzibar in Comparative Perspective

Newbury¹

1983

Comparative Politics

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.The authors of a number of recent studies on ethnicity and politics have begun to question the "primordial" character of ethnic cleavages. Although the authors of these studies differ on a number of points, they all share an emphasis on structural variables as a means of understanding the politicization of ethnic bonds.1 This article stresses the structural variables that contributed to ethnic violence in two African states, Rwanda and Zanzibar. The reassessment proposed here explores the relationship between the colonial state-building process and the emergence of a collective "ethnic" consciousness among subordinate groups in each state.On the eve of independence Rwanda and Zanzibar shared many apparent similarities. The political elites constituted highly privileged minorities, distinct from the rest of the population and favored by European colonial policy; in both states the end of colonial rule brought with it a period of violent social revolution. Such appearances, reinforced by the colonial historiography of eastern Africa, encouraged a view of ethnicity-based on primordial social divisions. Earlier studies on violence in Rwanda and Zanzibar, viewing ethnicity as an independent variable and stressing the plural character of the two societies, have concluded that ethnic and racial distinctions were the major factors in political cleavages and violent confrontation.2 Two false assumptions promoted these perspectives on the role of ethnicity. First, it was assumed that in the precolonial period centralized authority was politically effective throughout the entire area that later came to be defined as the colonial state. Second, it was assumed that peasants in the two states had been dominated by state structures long before the nineteenth century. It was therefore the liberating aspects of democratic ideals introduced under colonial rule, threatening the integrative role of the preexisting "premise of inequality,"3 that led to the violent outbreaks at the time of decolonization. Recent research, however, has brought into question both these assumptions and forced a reconsideration of primordial ethnic loyalties-journalistically re-253Comparative Politics April 1983 ferred to as "tribalism'"-as the ultimate determinant of violent social upheaval. The rulers of Zanzibar, a state located off the coast of East Africa, maintained a wide network of external relations, whereas precolonial Rwanda, in central Africa, was a landlocked state whose rulers resisted formal ties even with their neighbors. In Zanzibar clear cultural and racial differences distinguished elements among its population, and at least until the early nineteenth century these various groups were economically indepen...

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Zanzibar

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Revisiting the Politics of Zanzibar: In Search of the Root Causes of the 1964 Revolution

Revisiting the Politics of Zanzibar: In Search of the Root Causes of the 1964 Revolution

Economic Globalisation: Politics and Trade Policy in Ghana and Kenya

Colonialism, Ethnicity, and Rural Political Protest: Rwanda and Zanzibar in Comparative Perspective

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