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Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the antibiotic resistance and the resistance phenotypes of pathogenic strains of E. coli isolated from gills and viscera of fish from Layo ponds in "One Health" approach. Eleven (11) strains of E. coli belonging to the pathovars Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC=4), Shiga toxinogenic E coli (STEC=5), Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC=2) from our previous work on gills (7) and viscera (4) of fish Oreochromis niloticus, was tested by Müller-Hinton agar diffusion method. Nineteen (19) antibiotics divided into 9 differents families (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactam, Carbapenems, Quinolone, Aminoside, Cyclin, Phenicol, Phosphonique Acid) were tested. The results shown that all strains (100%) were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and piperacillin tazobactam. Resistance was also observed with 3 rd generation antibiotics (CTX, CAZ, FEP, TCG) and monobactam (ATM) in EPEC and STEC strains only. Fifty percent (50%) of resistance were observed to CTX and CAZ and 25% to Monobactam in EPECstrains. Fourty percent (40%) of resistance were observed to CTX and CAZ and 20% to Monobactam in STEC strains. More than half of strains studied were resistant to fosfomycin (63%). The resistance phenotype observed among E. coli pathovars (EPEC, EIEC and STEC) revealed that, 18% of EPEC and 9% of EIEC had a high level of penicillinase phenotype. A high level of cephalosporinase phenotype was represented respectively in 9% of EPEC and STEC. These resistances have been observed although antibiotics are not used in this farm reflecting the pollution of the fish living environment (supply water). Efforts are needed to promote more judicious use of prophylactic antibiotics in both human and animal health to reduce their presence in environment. If environment and everything that lives in are doing well, people will be doing well too.