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Kim, Wan‐Uk; Min, Sung−Wook; Cho, Mi La; Hong, Ki Hwan; Shin, Yu-Ju; Park, Sung Hwan; Cho, Chul Soo

doi:10.1186/ar1454

Cited by 90 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Gels were washed once for 3 h in 2.5% Triton X-100 and once for 30 min in the reaction buffer containing 50 m M Tris/HCl, 200 m M NaCl, 10 m M CaCl 2 , and 0.02% (w/v) Brij 35 (pH 7.5). The reaction buffer was changed to a fresh one, and the gels were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Gelatinolytic activity was visualized by staining the gels with 0.5% Coomassie brilliant blue and quantified by densitometry [27]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulated Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases in BALB/c Mouse Brain Challenged with Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Shukla

Shakya²,

Tn³

et al. 2012

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background: Uncontrolled immune responses in the nervous system are potentially damaging following Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) act together to control the proteolysis of extracellular matrix. Disbalances in the MMP/TIMP system during virally induced neurodegenerative processes and inflammations are responsive to changes in the progression of diseases. Methods: The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-3 in JEV-infected mouse brain was analyzed by RT-PCR for semiquantitation and ELISA for estimation of protein along with brain histopathology at different days postinoculation (dpi). Gelatin gel zymography was performed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. Results: In the virus-infected group, expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-3 was found to be increased from 1 dpi to 6 dpi as compared to controls by both RT-PCR and ELISA. The expressions of MMPs and TIMPs at mRNA and protein levels were in concordance with each other. Post hoc multiple comparison analysis between days revealed that, in the virus-infected groups, significant increases (p < 0.05) in MMP and TIMP levels were observed between various dpi at both mRNA and protein levels. Only the MMP-7 protein level at 6 dpi was not significant compared to 5 dpi (p = 0.99). Conclusion: Overexpression of MMPs and TIMPs is associated with disease severity in the central nervous system (CNS) during JEV infection. Our results showed that JEV infection can alter the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in the CNS. Thus, assessing these important immune mediators in CNS infection appears to play an important role in the development of symptoms and may help to understand the JEV-induced neurological disorders. More studies are required on this important enzymatic system to study their role in immune mediated pathogenesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulated Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases in BALB/c Mouse Brain Challenged with Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Shukla

Shakya²,

Tn³

et al. 2012

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…They are superior to monolayers of melanocytes and ⁄ or keratinocytes because they preserve the physiological 3D architecture of the skin, with cell proliferation occurring in the basal layers and cell differentiation towards the surface. Interestingly, in-house skin models allow to study the functional implications of genetically manipulated melanocytes and ⁄ or keratinocytes (3)(4)(5). During the past years, we have been focusing on the development of novel siRNA-based treatments to reduce pigmentation because current skin whitening products, such as hydroquinone or kojic acid, work insufficiently or have harmful side effects (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated MMP‐7 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis: correlation with pulmonary involvement

Moinzadeh

Krieg

Hellmich

et al. 2011

Experimental Dermatology

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After 10 treatments, 2 patients had achieved PPPASI 50 and one patient achieved PPPASI 90. After 20 treatments, 9 (50%) of the patients achieved PPPASI 50. At 30 treatments, 9 (60%) of the patients achieved PPPASI 50 and three (20%) achieved PPPASI 90 (Fig. 1b).Mean percentage improvement in PPPASI score was evaluated at every 10 treatments. At 10 treatments, the PPPASI score decreased 30% from baseline, at 20 treatments it had decreased 47% and at 30 treatments it had decreased 55% (Fig. 1c, Table S2). Representative clinical pictures are shown in Fig. S1.The Th17 frequency in the peripheral blood after excimer treatment did not differ significantly from baseline values. In contrast, the Treg frequency increased significantly (P = 0.004; Fig. 2). Th17 levels were significantly correlated with disease duration (r = )0.749), but not the PPPASI score (r = )0.05; Fig. S2). ConclusionOur results are comparable with those of previous studies (10,11). We used an excimer light with a filter that cuts off wavelengths below 297 nm (2), which seemed to be as effective as other excimer light treatments. Irradiation without wavelengths below 297 nm improves the safety of excimer light treatment.There were no significant changes in Th17 levels after excimer therapy, but the Treg population significantly increased. Treg might better reflect PPP severity than Th17. Th17 levels correlated with the disease duration, which might relate to the pathogenesis in the early stage of this disease. AcknowledgementsThis work was financially supported by a Grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We thank Ms. Nishioka and Ms. Kasuya for technical assistance. T.F, K.T. and A.M. designed the research and analysed the data. E.N and H.K. recruited the patients and collected the data. S.C. monitored statistical data. T.F. and A.M. wrote the manuscript. Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting InformationAdditional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article: Figure S1. Clinical pictures of patient No.6 at baseline, and after 10, 20 and 30 treatments. Excimer light was sometimes effective already in the early stages. Figure S2. Relationship between PPPASI, Th17 and disease duration. Th17 levels were not significantly correlated with the PPPASI (r = )0.050), but were significantly correlated with disease duration (r = )0.749). Correlation analyses were performed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Table S1. Patient characteristics.

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“…An elevated serum MMP-9 level is found in SLE [16], systemic sclerosis [17], RA [18], and Sjögren’s syndrome [19]. Serum MMP-3 is increased in SLE and RA [14,20].…”

Section: Matrix Metalloproteinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Implications in Clinical Neurology

Romi

Helgeland²,

Gilhus³

2012

Eur Neurol

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes involved in remodeling extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interactions. A pathogenic role of MMPs in neurological disorders is likely. This paper focuses on serological clinical aspects only. In multiple sclerosis, higher serum MMP-3 is seen during relapses. Lower serum MMP-8 and -9 levels correlate with fewer contrast-enhanced T₂-weighted MRI lesions, and serum MMP-9 can be used in monitoring treatment. In myasthenia gravis, serum MMP-2, -3, and -9 levels are elevated in both generalized and ocular diseases. A proportion of the patients have markedly increased serum MMP-3. In acute stroke, higher serum MMP-9 correlates with larger infarct volume, stroke severity, and worse functional outcome, and serum MMP-3 is significantly lower than in several other neurological disorders and healthy controls. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, serum MMP-2 correlates with disease progression, and both serum MMP-1 and -2 are elevated. In Alzheimer’s disease, serum MMP-3, -9, and -10 are elevated. In migraine, serum MMP-2 is elevated, and also MMP-9 in those patients with migraine without aura. MMP-9 is implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental epilepsy. A pathogenic role of MMPs in these conditions could be related to their ability to degrade extracellular matrix. MMPs may also facilitate autoimmunity.

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Cited by 90 publications

References 46 publications

Upregulated Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases in BALB/c Mouse Brain Challenged with Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Upregulated Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases in BALB/c Mouse Brain Challenged with Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Elevated MMP‐7 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis: correlation with pulmonary involvement

Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Implications in Clinical Neurology

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