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Theißen, Günter; Becker, Annette; Rosa, Alexandra Di; Kanno, Akira; Kim, Jan T.; Münster, Thomas; Winter, Kai-Uwe; Saedler, Heinz

doi:10.1023/a:1006332105728

Cited by 581 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…Gymnosperm AG -like sequences were used ability in the AG motif I and II regions than do the to root the trees on the basis of the findings of earlier gymnosperm AG -like genes or C-lineage homologs. studies (Hasebe and Banks 1997;Winter et al 1999; Within the D lineage, the core eudicot loci are associ- Theissen et al 2000). The resulting MP and Bayesian ated with a loss of conservation in the second residue phylogenies (Figures 3 and 4) are largely in agreement of AG motif I and with the conversion of positions 6 and with only minor differences (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Patterns of Gene Duplication and Functional Evolution During the Diversification of theAGAMOUSSubfamily of MADS Box Genes in Angiosperms

Kramer¹,

Jaramillo²,

Stilio³

2004

Genetics

386

460

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Members of the AGAMOUS (AG ) subfamily of MIKC -type MADS-box genes appear to control the development of reproductive organs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. To understand the evolution of this subfamily in the flowering plants, we have identified 26 new AG -like genes from 15 diverse angiosperm species. Phylogenetic analyses of these genes within a large data set of AG -like sequences show that ancient gene duplications were critical in shaping the evolution of the subfamily. Before the radiation of extant angiosperms, one event produced the ovule-specific D lineage and the well-characterized C lineage, whose members typically promote stamen and carpel identity as well as floral meristem determinacy. Subsequent duplications in the C lineage resulted in independent instances of paralog subfunctionalization and maintained functional redundancy. Most notably, the functional homologs AG from Arabidopsis and PLENA (PLE ) from Antirrhinum are shown to be representatives of separate paralogous lineages rather than simple genetic orthologs. The multiple subfunctionalization events that have occurred in this subfamily highlight the potential for gene duplication to lead to dissociation among genetic modules, thereby allowing an increase in morphological diversity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Patterns of Gene Duplication and Functional Evolution During the Diversification of theAGAMOUSSubfamily of MADS Box Genes in Angiosperms

Kramer¹,

Jaramillo²,

Stilio³

2004

Genetics

386

460

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“…MADS-box transcription factors determine floral meristems and floral organ identity (8)(9)(10)(11). These proteins act as (homo-or hetero-) dimers (12,13) or in higher-order complexes (14,15).…”

Section: Mads-box Gene ͉ Morphological Novelties ͉ Inflated-calyx Synmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotopic expression of MPF2 is the key to the evolution of the Chinese lantern of Physalis , a morphological novelty in Solanaceae

Saedler

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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186

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Morphological novelties arise through changes in development, but the underlying causes of such changes are largely unknown. In the genus Physalis, sepals resume growth after pollination to encapsulate the mature fruit, forming the ''Chinese lantern,'' a trait also termed inflated-calyx syndrome (ICS). STMADS16, which encodes a MADS-box transcription factor, is expressed only in vegetative tissues in Solanum tuberosum. Its ortholog in Physalis pubescens, MPF2, is expressed in floral tissues. Knockdown of MPF2 function in Physalis by RNA interference (RNAi) reveals that MPF2 function is essential for the development of the ICS. The phenotypes of transgenic S. tuberosum plants that overexpress MPF2 or STMADS16 corroborate these findings: these plants display enlarged sepals. Although heterotopic expression of MPF2 is crucial for ICS, remarkably, fertilization is also required. Although the ICS is less prominent or absent in the knockdown transgenic plants, epidermal cells are larger, suggesting that MPF2 exerts its function by inhibiting cell elongation and promoting cell division. In addition, severely affected Physalis knockdown lines are male sterile. Thus, heterotopic expression of MPF2 in floral tissues is involved in two novel traits: expression of the ICS and control of male fertility. Sequence differences between the promoter regions of the MPF2 and STMADS16 genes perhaps reflect exposure to different selection pressures during evolution, and correlate with the observed differences in their expression patterns. In any case, the effects of heterotopic expression of MPF2 underline the importance of recruitment of preexisting transcription factors in the evolution of novel floral traits.MADS-box gene ͉ morphological novelties ͉ inflated-calyx syndrome

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“…The AP3 and PI proteins must heterodimerize to bind to DNA in vitro (7); furthermore, expression of both proteins is necessary to confer an ectopic phenotype (6,8). Orthologs of AP3 and PI have been identified and characterized in Antirrhinum majus [snapdragon (9,10)] as well as in Petunia (11) and other core eudicot species and appear to function in a manner similar to that of their Arabidopsis counterparts (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional divergence within the APETALA3/PISTILLATA floral homeotic gene lineages

Lamb

Irish

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

215

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Changes in homeotic gene expression patterns or in the functions of the encoded proteins are thought to play a prominent role in the evolution of new morphologies. The floral homeotic APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) genes encode MADS domain-containing transcription factors required to specify petal and stamen identities in Arabidopsis. We have previously shown that perianth expression of AP3 and PI homologs varies in different groups of angiosperms with diverse floral structures, suggesting that changes in expression may contribute to changing morphology. We have investigated the possibility that changes in the functions of the encoded gene products may also have played a role in the evolution of different floral morphologies. AP3 and PI are members of paralogous gene lineages and share extensive similarity along the length of the protein products. Genes within these lineages encode products with characteristic C-terminal motifs that we show are critical for functional specificity. In particular, the C terminus of AP3 is sufficient to confer AP3 functionality on the heterologous PI protein. Furthermore, we have shown that the evolution of the divergent AP3 C-terminal domain in the core eudicots is correlated with the acquisition of a role in specifying perianth structures. These results suggest that divergence in these sequence motifs has contributed to the evolution of distinct functions for these floral homeotic gene products.

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Cited by 581 publications

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Patterns of Gene Duplication and Functional Evolution During the Diversification of theAGAMOUSSubfamily of MADS Box Genes in Angiosperms

Patterns of Gene Duplication and Functional Evolution During the Diversification of theAGAMOUSSubfamily of MADS Box Genes in Angiosperms

Heterotopic expression of MPF2 is the key to the evolution of the Chinese lantern of Physalis , a morphological novelty in Solanaceae

Functional divergence within the APETALA3/PISTILLATA floral homeotic gene lineages

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