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Emigh, Rebecca Jean

doi:10.1023/a:1006896217647

Cited by 168 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Subsequently, in Phase 2, we aimed to corroborate and validate the claims made by Phase 1 participants using negative cases, i.e., cases in which the outcome was not positive; “not all ravens are black”, i.e., why some Scrum software development teams do not achieve better software quality? Considering positive and negative cases with different outcomes makes study design more rigorous and enhances the conclusions’ validity (Emigh 1997 ; Hanson 2017 ). This method is more powerful than using only agreements because the divergent outcome permits causal conclusions (Emigh 1997 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Scrum adds value to achieving software quality?

Alami

Krancher

2022

Empir Software Eng

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Scrum remains the most popular agile software development method implementation for a variety of reasons; one important motive is to improve software quality. Yet many organizations fail to achieve quality improvements through the use of Scrum, and existing research sheds little light on the value-add of Scrum for software quality. More specifically, (1) how notions of software quality among Scrum practitioners relate to established quality perspectives, (2) how Scrum helps teams to achieve higher software quality and (3) why some teams fail to meet the objective of higher quality. We addressed these gaps through a two-phased qualitative study based on 39 interviews and two in-depth case studies. We find that Scrum practitioners emphasize established notions of external quality comprising of conformity to business needs and absence of defects, while they also value internal quality, especially sustainable software design. Our results show that Scrum helps teams achieve both dimensions of quality by promoting some social antecedents (collaboration, psychological safety, accountability, transparency) and process-induced advantages (iterative development, formal inspection, and adaptation). Our findings unveil how these factors contribute to achieving software quality and under what conditions their effects can fail to materialize. These conditions include inconsistent Scrum implementations, cultural constraints, team tensions, and inaccessibility of end-users. In addition, the complexity of the project aggravates the impact of these conditions. Taken together, these findings show that Scrum can complement established quality assurance and software engineering practices by promoting a social environment that is conducive to creating high-quality software. Based on our findings, we provide specific recommendations for how practitioners can create such an environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Scrum adds value to achieving software quality?

Alami

Krancher

2022

Empir Software Eng

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“…The shift toward refundable CTCs looks similar across a range of liberal Englishspeaking welfare states, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom (Blake 2009;Hodgson and Boden 2008;Nolan 2002;Waldfogel 2010). The fact that the United States has a deviant outcome-making the CTC nonrefundable and thus unavailable to children in the lowest-income families-that is not immediately explicable makes it a useful negative case (Emigh 1997). We begin with the logic of Mill's method of difference, which assumes that if a positive and negative case are similar on all relevant dimensions but one, the dimension on which they differ is the cause, effect, or necessary part of the cause of the difference in outcome (Mill 1843).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Exceptionalism Revisited: Tax Relief, Poverty Reduction, and the Politics of Child Tax Credits

McCabe¹,

Berman²

2016

Preprint

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In the 1990s, several liberal welfare regimes (LWRs) introduced child tax credits (CTCs) aimed at reducing child poverty. While in other countries these tax credits were refundable, the United States alone introduced a nonrefundable CTC. As a result, the United States was the only country in which poor and working-class families were paradoxically excluded from these new benefits. A comparative analysis of Canada and the United States shows that American exceptionalism resulted from the cultural legacy of distinct public policies. We argue that policy changes in the 1940s institutionalized different "logics of appropriateness" that later constrained policymakers in the 1990s. Specifically, the introduction of family allowances in Canada and other LWR countries naturalized a logic of income supplementation in which families could legitimately receive cash benefits without the stigma of "welfare. " Lacking this policy legacy, American attempts to introduce a refundable CTC were quickly derailed by policymakers who saw it as equivalent to welfare. Instead, they introduced a narrow, nonrefundable CTC under the alternative logic of "tax relief, " even though this meant excluding the lowest-income families. The cultural legacy of past policies can explain American exceptionalism not only with regard to CTCs but to other social policies as well.

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“…The fact that the United States has a deviant outcome-making the CTC nonrefundable and thus unavailable to children in the lowest-income families-that is not immediately explicable makes it a useful negative case (Emigh 1997). We begin with the logic of Mill's method of difference, which assumes that if a positive and negative case are similar on all relevant dimensions but one, the dimension on which they differ is the cause, effect, or necessary part of the cause of the difference in outcome (Mill 1843).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Exceptionalism Revisited: Tax Relief, Poverty Reduction, and the Politics of Child Tax Credits

McCabe¹,

Berman²

2016

SocScience

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Abstract:In the 1990s, several liberal welfare regimes (LWRs) introduced child tax credits (CTCs) aimed at reducing child poverty. While in other countries these tax credits were refundable, the United States alone introduced a nonrefundable CTC. As a result, the United States was the only country in which poor and working-class families were paradoxically excluded from these new benefits. A comparative analysis of Canada and the United States shows that American exceptionalism resulted from the cultural legacy of distinct public policies. We argue that policy changes in the 1940s institutionalized different "logics of appropriateness" that later constrained policymakers in the 1990s. Specifically, the introduction of family allowances in Canada and other LWR countries naturalized a logic of income supplementation in which families could legitimately receive cash benefits without the stigma of "welfare. " Lacking this policy legacy, American attempts to introduce a refundable CTC were quickly derailed by policymakers who saw it as equivalent to welfare. Instead, they introduced a narrow, nonrefundable CTC under the alternative logic of "tax relief, " even though this meant excluding the lowest-income families. The cultural legacy of past policies can explain American exceptionalism not only with regard to CTCs but to other social policies as well.

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Untitled

Cited by 168 publications

References 8 publications

How Scrum adds value to achieving software quality?

How Scrum adds value to achieving software quality?

American Exceptionalism Revisited: Tax Relief, Poverty Reduction, and the Politics of Child Tax Credits

American Exceptionalism Revisited: Tax Relief, Poverty Reduction, and the Politics of Child Tax Credits

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