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Conducting carbonized polyaniline nanotubes

“…The recent breakthrough finding that the metal-free vertically aligned NCNTs display higher resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning, as well as much higher electrocatalytic activity and better long-term operational stability towards the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolytes, in comparison with platinum, looks as a crucial step to low-cost fuel cells [7]. Several methods for preparation of NCNTs have been reported: the arc-discharge technique with anode rods composed of a nitrogen-rich organic or inorganic precursor, graphite and the catalyst [8], the pyrolysis of N-containing organic molecules (acetonitrile) and macromolecules (polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile) on a nanoporous hard template (alumina) [9][10][11][12], thermal chemical vapor deposition of nitrogen-containing organic compounds over various metallic (cobalt, iron, nickel) nanoparticle catalysts [4,[13][14][15][16][17][18], CNT heating under high nitrogen pressure [19], exposure of CNT at elevated temperatures to reactive nitrogen-containing gases [20] and the carbonization of nitrogen-containing conducting polymer nanotubes, such as polypyrrole [21,22] and polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes [23].…”

The synergistic effect of bremsstrahlung photons and intense laser radiation on the structural properties of carbon nanotubes

“…We know that the Raman spectral bands for disordered graphite are located in the ranges 1570-1585 cm −1 and 1350-1300 cm −1 , and besides the D and D bands are usually attributed to the presence of amorphous or disordered carbon in the CNT samples, they should be due to the lattice defects and finite crystal size occurring inside the graphene atomic layer [15,16]. The lines 1 in figure 1(a) and table 1, at exciting laser intensity about 3 kW cm −2 (to extract laser-heating effect), show two intense broadened bands at 1583 and 1331 cm −1 that evidence a larger number of defects and disordering of graphene layers in our samples.…”