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Khatib, M. A.; Rahim, Omar; Kania, R. J.; Molloy, Peter J.

doi:10.1023/a:1020540916482

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A community-based case control study showed that the use of PPIs for a period of longer than two years was associated with iron deficiency; however, there was no consistent association between the use of PPIs for periods of more than two years and the development of iron deficiency ( 5 ). To the best of our knowledge, there have been four reported individual cases of iron deficiency anemia caused by PPI use; however, the entire GI tract, including the small intestine, was studied in only one of them ( 2 - 4 ). The present case is the second reported case in whom the entire GI tract was studied and GI blood loss was ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most potent medications currently available to reduce gastric acid secretion and are widely prescribed in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ( 1 ). Although the long-term use of PPIs is considered safe, there are several reported cases of iron deficiency anemia due to PPI use ( 2 - 4 ) and a community-based case control study reported that the risk of iron deficiency was increased among long-term PPI users ( 5 ). However, the association between PPI use and iron deficiency anemia remains controversial and it is not yet known whether the extended use of PPIs is associated with iron deficiency anemia after a long latency period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Deficiency Anemia Due to the Long-term Use of a Proton Pump Inhibitor

et al. 2018

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A 52-year-old man who had been taking omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), for 25 years developed iron deficiency anemia. An evaluation of the entire gastrointestinal tract did not reveal any possible causes of gastrointestinal blood loss. The cause of the iron deficiency was considered to be a reduction in gastrointestinal iron absorption in association with the reduced secretion of gastric acid due to PPI use. This case demonstrates that long-term PPI use for as long as 25 years may cause iron deficiency anemia and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in long-term PPI users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency Anemia Due to the Long-term Use of a Proton Pump Inhibitor

et al. 2018

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“…These evidences suggested that digoxin may disturb transferrin signaling and iron metabolism. A number of drugs, such as omeprazole [ 23 ] and carbimazole [ 24 ], have been reported to cause iron deficiency and anemia. Here we identified digoxin as another suspected drug.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digoxin-induced anemia among patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: clinical data analysis and drug-gene interaction network

Lin

Feng

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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Digoxin is widely used to treat various heart conditions. In order to clarify the association between digoxin and anemia adverse reaction, we inspected case reports submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between January 2004 and December 2015. These reports involved 75618 atrial fibrillation patients and 15699 heart failure patients. Compared to other therapies, digoxin treatment was significantly more likely to be concurrent with anemia adverse reaction among both atrial fibrillation patients (pooled OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.14–1.68, P-value = 0.001) and heart failure patients (pooled OR =1.50, 95% CI 1.33–1.59–, P =4.27×10−5). We further explored previously published evidences and found 821 human genes directly or indirectly interacting with digoxin. Functional analysis indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in the biological processes of iron transport, which are closely related to iron deficiency anemia. Taken together, our retrospective analysis demonstrated the significant association between digoxin treatment and anemia adverse reaction, which should be seriously considered in clinical practice. Functional enrichment analysis on digoxin-related genes warranted subsequent research on the underlying toxicological mechanisms.

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“…Dietary iron can be divided into 2 types with respect to absorption: the heme type, derived from animal blood and muscle, which is well absorbed and comprises about 10%-30% of the normal Western diet, and the more common nonheme type, derived from plants (fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts), which requires an acidic gastric environment for absorption [1,2]. Although the heme component is absorbed independent of gastric pH, the nonheme part requires an acidic pH for absorption [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%