Z-scan technique for saturable absorption using diffraction method in γ-alumina nanoparticles

In situ synthesis of holey g-C3N4 nanosheets decorated by hydroxyapatite nanospheres as efficient visible light photocatalyst

“…The peak configuration of the open aperture curve indicates that the main nonlinear optical phenomenon is the saturation in absorption. 34 As we know, when the light is absorbed by an ensemble of atoms (molecules), the light will force the atoms (molecules) to undergo the transition 2 → 1. Increasing the intensity of the light enhances the population of level 2 until the population inversion occurs.…”

“…The threshold beam intensity that can provide the population inversion is called the saturation intensity. 58 In z-scan experiments, the values of saturation intensity can be obtained by the equation: 34 I s = − α 0 / β . …”

“…The saturation intensity of the synthesized HAP/g-C 3 N 4 NPs is obtained as I s ¼ 96 cm 2 W À1 which is lower than the saturation intensity of alumina and ZnO NPs, 34 indicating that these NPs can be suitable for light amplier devices.…”

“…High photoluminescence efficiency, photovoltaic property, and plasmonic resonance of NPs have been widely considered in optical applications. [31][32][33] Nonlinear optical properties of NPs are studied due to their unique characteristics, such as saturation absorption, 34 optical Kerr effect, 35 and reorientation effect. 36 Materials with low threshold saturation intensity are proposed in controllable transparent media, light amplier mediums, laser cavities, and Q-switching devices.…”

Synthesis, band gap structure and third order non-linear optical properties of zinc tungsten oxide nanocomposite using a single CW laser beam

“…SA has many applications in the light modulation and laser mode locking. Saturation intensity can be approximately obtained by I s ≈ − α β (Sharma et al, 2012;Koushki et al, 2014b), as reported in table 1. Decreasing the saturation intensity for W-ZnO can be related to decreasing the band gap.…”