Z-Pinning approach for 3D printing mechanically isotropic materials

Duty, Chad; Failla, Jordan; Kim, Seokpum; Smith, Tyler; Lindahl, John; Kunc, Vlastimil

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.03.007

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is well known that 3D printed parts prepared using FDM have large mechanical anisotropy 29,30 . The mechanical properties of parts in the Z ‐, X ‐ and Y ‐axis directions have large differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of molecular weight on mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D printed poly(ether ether ketone)

Shang

Jiang

et al. 2021

Polymer International

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been successfully applied to the manufacturing of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) special engineering plastics. However, due to the unavoidable defects caused by FDM technology and the high melt viscosity of PEEK, 3D printed PEEK parts have poor mechanical properties. In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructure of PEEK printed with different nozzle temperatures and having various molecular weights were researched in detail. The results showed that PEEK‐033G with medium molecular weight had good fluidity. With a nozzle temperature of 410 °C and using a high‐temperature chamber 3D printing system, the defects of 3D printed PEEK‐033G were reduced significantly, and the tensile strength and flexural strength could reach 96 and 115 MPa, which is close to the performance obtained using injection molding. In addition, the tensile strength in the Z‐axis direction was applied to characterize the interlayer bond strength. With a decrease of the viscosity of PEEK, an increase of interlayer bond strength ensued. It is expected that these findings could provide more insight for 3D printing of PEEK. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of molecular weight on mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D printed poly(ether ether ketone)

Shang

Jiang

et al. 2021

Polymer International

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“…Last, advances in the 3D printing design of polymers [ 58 ] or polymer composites [ 59 ] were proposed based on the build direction. The first study disclosed the implementation of the so-called Z-pinning to reinforce the mechanical properties of printed parts in the Z (perpendicular to layers) direction.…”

Section: Structure Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication of Polymers and Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Advances in Structure Optimization and Health Monitoring

et al. 2021

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3D printed neat thermoplastic polymers (TPs) and continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) by fused filament fabrication (FFF) are becoming attractive materials for numerous applications. However, the structure of these materials exhibits interfaces at different scales, engendering non-optimal mechanical properties. The first part of the review presents a description of these interfaces and highlights the different strategies to improve interfacial bonding. The actual knowledge on the structural aspects of the thermoplastic matrix is also summarized in this contribution with a focus on crystallization and orientation. The research to be tackled to further improve the structural properties of the 3D printed materials is identified. The second part of the review provides an overview of structural health monitoring technologies relying on the use of fiber Bragg grating sensors, strain gauge sensors and self-sensing. After a brief discussion on these three technologies, the needed research to further stimulate the development of FFF is identified. Finally, in the third part of this contribution the technology landscape of FFF processes for CFRTPCs is provided, including the future trends.

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“…These studies show some enhancement in interfacial properties; however, new-sustainable methods need to be developed for continuous improvement. The most recent advancement in FFF-printing is adopting the Z-pinning 193 technology like the traditional composite processing. The technology is developed by ORNL, and the tests showed some sparkling results by improving the z-directional strength by 3–5 times and toughness by 8 times in comparison to unpinned CF/PLA composites.…”

Section: Future Needs In Fffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on process model, structure-property relationship of composites and future needs in fused filament fabrication

Papon

Haque

2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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This paper presents the state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing of composites for processing functional, load-bearing components. A general overview of different additive manufacturing methods is provided, and specific attention is focused on fused filament fabrication-based composites processing. Different process modeling strategies are summarized, and key aspects of these models are discussed. Significant results such as thermal and fluid flow characteristics, effects of nozzle geometry on melt flow, fiber orientation, bead spreading, and solidification, the formation of residual stresses, and deformation behavior are discussed from computational modeling perspective. The scientific advancement, model limitations, and future modeling needs are prescribed reviewing the current works. A general overview of material development in nano-micro-macro-scale reinforcement is also presented. Different length-scales of reinforcement has its own challenges and promises. The continuous fiber reinforcement has a great potential for being the next-generation composites manufacturing technology. However, the challenges in reducing the void content, better bonding between the fiber–matrix, and layer-layer adhesion, and process uncertainty are some of the key areas yet to advance. Based on the current limitations on computational modeling, materials development, and process modeling studies, future research needs and recommendations are provided.

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Z-Pinning approach for 3D printing mechanically isotropic materials

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of molecular weight on mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D printed poly(ether ether ketone)

Effect of molecular weight on mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D printed poly(ether ether ketone)

Fused Filament Fabrication of Polymers and Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Advances in Structure Optimization and Health Monitoring

Review on process model, structure-property relationship of composites and future needs in fused filament fabrication

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