YY1 and GATA-1 Interaction Modulate the Chicken 3′-Side α-Globin Enhancer Activity

Rincón‐Arano, Héctor; Valadéz-Graham, Viviana; Guerrero, Georgina; Escamilla-Del-Arenal, Martín; Recillas‐Targa, Félix

doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.04.040

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…T-bet and GATA3 may also be involved in the selective targeting of the PcG proteins by either the differential establishment of accessible chromatin at the cytokine loci or by the direct recruitment of these factors. In this matter, it is worth noting that the PcG protein Bmi-1 interacts with GATA3 and increases its stability in Th cells (88), and YY1 interacts with GATA1 at the ␣-globin enhancer (89).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Association of the Polycomb Group Proteins with Cytokine Genes in Differentiated T Helper Cells

Jacob

Hod-Dvorai

Schif-Zuck

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The cytokine transcription profiles of developing T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells are imprinted and induced appropriately following stimulation of differentiated cells. Epigenetic regulation combines several mechanisms to ensure the inheritance of transcriptional programs. We found that the expression of the polycomb group proteins, whose role in maintaining gene silencing is well documented, was induced during development in both T helper lineages. Nevertheless, the polycomb proteins, YY1, Mel-18, Ring1A, Ezh2, and Eed, bound to the Il4 and Ifng loci in a differential pattern. In contrast to the prevailing dogma, the binding activity of the polycomb proteins in differentiated T helper cells was associated with cytokine transcription. The polycomb proteins bound to the cytokine genes under resting conditions, and their binding was induced dynamically following stimulation. The recruitment of the polycomb proteins Mel-18 and Ezh2 to the cytokine promoters was inhibited in the presence of cyclosporine A, suggesting the involvement of NFAT. Considering their binding pattern at the cytokine genes and their known function in higher order folding of regulatory elements, we propose a model whereby the polycomb proteins, in some contexts, positively regulate gene expression by mediating long-distance chromosomal interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Association of the Polycomb Group Proteins with Cytokine Genes in Differentiated T Helper Cells

Jacob

Hod-Dvorai

Schif-Zuck

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The activity of YY1 is modified by numerous interactions with other proteins, including c-Myc (4), Sp1 (5,6), the polycomb group protein EED (7), cAMPresponse element-binding protein (8), the viral protein E1A (9), retinoblastoma protein (10), the GATA1 transcription factor (11), and the specific activator YY1AP (12). YY1 is subject to post-translational modifications such as glycosylation (13), acetylation (14), and phosphorylation (15).…”

Section: Yin Yang 1 (Yy1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly of the Yin Yang 1 Transcription Factor into Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particles Requires Direct RNA Binding Activity

Belak

Ovsenek

2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The early stages of vertebrate development depend heavily on control of maternally transcribed mRNAs that are stored for long periods in complexes termed messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) and utilized selectively following maturation and fertilization. The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is associated with cytoplasmic mRNPs in vertebrate oocytes; however, the mechanism by which any of the mRNP proteins associate with mRNA in the oocyte is unknown. Here we demonstrate the mechanism by which YY1 associates with mRNPs depends on its direct RNA binding activity. High affinity binding for U-rich single-stranded RNA and A:U RNA duplexes was observed in the nanomolar range, similar to the affinity for the cognate double-stranded DNA-binding element. Similar RNA binding affinity was observed with endogenous YY1 isolated from native mRNP complexes. In vivo expression experiments reveal epitope-tagged YY1 assembled into high molecular mass mRNPs, and assembly was blocked by microinjection of high affinity RNA substrate competitor. These findings present the first clues to how mRNPs assemble during early development. Yin Yang 1 (YY1)3 is a highly conserved transcription factor of the GLI-Kruppel family that can function as an activator, repressor, or initiator of transcription at a number of cellular and viral promoters (1-3). The activity of YY1 is modified by numerous interactions with other proteins, including c-Myc (4), Sp1 (5, 6), the polycomb group protein EED (7), cAMPresponse element-binding protein (8), the viral protein E1A (9), retinoblastoma protein (10), the GATA1 transcription factor (11), and the specific activator YY1AP (12). YY1 is subject to post-translational modifications such as glycosylation (13), acetylation (14), and phosphorylation (15). It contains four C2H2-type zinc fingers near the C terminus responsible for YY1 DNA binding activity (16), a bipartite activation domain near the N terminus (16), and a transcriptional repression domain near the C terminus (17). The Xenopus laevis homologue is a 43-kDa, 373-amino acid protein sharing a high degree of sequence and structural conservation with mammalian YY1 (18). The second zinc finger knuckle of YY1 is highly homologous with the RNA-binding zinc finger knuckles of the doublestranded RNA-binding protein TFIIIA, particularly in the spacing of key cysteine and histidine residues (19).YY1 clearly plays an important role in early embryonic development; however, there is compelling evidence that it functions through mechanisms other than transcriptional regulation. YY1 is localized entirely to the cytoplasm of mouse oocytes and has a mosaic pattern of nucleocytoplasmic distribution in cells of early embryos (20). Homozygous deletion of YY1 in mice causes peri-implantation lethality, and heterozygotes display severe neurulation defects (20). Studies in Xenopus show YY1 misexpression affects survival, neurulation, and patterning (7,21,22). Biochemical analysis has shown that YY1 is entirely restricted to the cytoplasm during early developm...

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“…6C2 cells, corresponding to erythroblastosis virus-transformed bone marrow cells arrested at the CFU-E stage, are considered to be a preerythroblast line (3,4). 6C2 cells, as well as the avian erythroblastosis virus-transformed and temperature-sensitive erythroblast line LSCCHD3 (herein referred to as HD3), were grown as previously described (6,33). The DT40 lymphoid cell line was grown in DMEM supplemented with 50 M 2-mercaptoethanol, 10% (vol/vol) fetal calf serum, 5% (vol/vol) chicken serum, and 10% (vol/vol) tryptose phosphate broth (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on recent data, we have proposed that the 3Ј-side enhancer is able to modulate its own function through the binding of GATA-1 and YY1 (Fig. 1B) (33) and the associated chromatin remodeling machinery. Much less is known about the molecular features of the chicken ␣-globin silencer.…”

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confidence: 97%

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GATA-1 Modulates the Chromatin Structure and Activity of the Chicken α-Globin 3′ Enhancer

Escamilla-Del-Arenal

Recillas‐Targa

2008

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Long-distance regulatory elements and local chromatin structure are critical for proper regulation of gene expression. Here we characterize the chromatin conformation of the chicken ␣-globin silencer-enhancer elements located 3 of the domain. We found a characteristic and erythrocyte-specific structure between the previously defined silencer and the enhancer, defined by two nuclease hypersensitive sites, which appear when the enhancer is active during erythroid differentiation. Fine mapping of these sites demonstrates the absence of a positioned nucleosome and the association of GATA-1. Functional analyses of episomal vectors, as well as stably integrated constructs, revealed that GATA-1 plays a major role in defining both the chromatin structure and the enhancer activity. We detected a progressive enrichment of histone acetylation on critical enhancer nuclear factor binding sites, in correlation with the formation of an apparent nucleosome-free region. On the basis of these results, we propose that the local chromatin structure of the chicken ␣-globin enhancer plays a central role in its capacity to differentially regulate ␣-globin gene expression during erythroid differentiation and development.In recent years, the relevance of promoter elements has been outlined based on the varied promoter architectures required for regulatory specificity (28). A large amount of data has been generated describing how the basal transcriptional machinery is incorporated into promoters and how proximal elements are required for full and specific activity (17). However, a subset of genes requires long-distance regulatory elements for their developmental timing and tissue-specific gene expression (9, 39). Locus control regions (LCRs), enhancers, silencers, and insulators represent some of the elements exerting remote regulation (5, 10, 26). Such regulatory elements require characteristic chromatin structures, and the great majority of these regulatory elements and chromatin components are usually associated with nuclease hypersensitive sites (HSs) (6, 39). Despite progress in our understanding of promoters and long-distance regulatory elements, the mechanisms by which enhancers control gene expression are poorly understood, particularly in terms of how their own chromatin structure modulates their activity.In early work, we identified a silencer-enhancer element located at the chicken 3Ј side of the ␣-globin domain, around 400 bp downstream of the adult ␣ A gene (Fig. 1A) (16, 32, 33). We have adopted this enhancer element as a model system to investigate the differential regulation of chicken ␣-globin gene expression during erythroid differentiation and development. Based on recent data, we have proposed that the 3Ј-side enhancer is able to modulate its own function through the binding of GATA-1 and YY1 (Fig. 1B) (33) and the associated chromatin remodeling machinery. Much less is known about the molecular features of the chicken ␣-globin silencer. What we have found until now is that the silencer is located side by side with th...

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YY1 and GATA-1 Interaction Modulate the Chicken 3′-Side α-Globin Enhancer Activity

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Unconventional Association of the Polycomb Group Proteins with Cytokine Genes in Differentiated T Helper Cells

Unconventional Association of the Polycomb Group Proteins with Cytokine Genes in Differentiated T Helper Cells

Assembly of the Yin Yang 1 Transcription Factor into Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particles Requires Direct RNA Binding Activity

GATA-1 Modulates the Chromatin Structure and Activity of the Chicken α-Globin 3′ Enhancer

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