Yttrium Trifluoride as a Marker of Infiltration Rate of Decalcified Root Cementum: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Research related to the development of a dental infiltrant for minimally invasive treatment of initial caries of hard dental tissues is presented. The formulation of the developed infiltrant material includes typical methacrylate monomers used in dentistry, an author’s adhesion monomer containing metronidazole, a photoinitiating system and yttrium trifluoride (YF3). The main objective of the study was to evaluate penetration into decalcified root cementum using scanning electron microscope of an experimental preparation with the characteristics of a dental infiltrant compared to a commercial preparation with the addition of YF3 as a contrast agent. Microscopic observations showed that YF3 particles virtually did not penetrate deep into the root cementum—this was mainly due to the particle size of YF3. Observations of cementum and root dentin tissue infiltration: resin tissue infiltration was visible to a depth of about 80 to 120 μm without the use of a tracer, which, due to agglomeration and particle size, remained on the cementum surface or in the resin used for inlaying. There were no differences between the degree of penetration of an experimental preparation with the characteristics of a dental infiltrant, as compared to a commercial preparation.

An Insight into Enamel Resin Infiltrants with Experimental Compositions

“…The tests were primarily conducted in seven countries, of which Brazil was represented the most [12,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Icon (DMG), the only commercially available infiltrating resin, was the material most used as control [8,12,18,[30][31][32][33]35,[38][39][40][41][43][44][45][46]. Alternative formulations were created recalling that of the TEGDMA-based Icon product implemented with co-initiators, accelerators and other different molecules depending on the study [8,11,22,29,31,32,34,36,37,[47][48][49].…”

Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Periodontium—Vital in Tissue Turnover and Unfortunate in Periodontitis

“…The cementum is a bone-like mineralized (calcified) non-vascularized connective tissue layer covering the tooth root, involved in the attachment of the teeth to the surrounding alveolar bone by the PDL [ 155 , 156 , 157 ]. Human teeth cementum categories are based on the presence or absence of cementocytes in the structure (the acellular and cellular cementum), as well as the presence of collagen fibers (afibrillar and fibrillar) and their origin (intrinsic or extrinsic fibers, depending on their production by cementoblasts or by fibroblasts, respectively), which allows us to distinguish acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC), acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC), and cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC), which is usually present in combination with the AEFC as a component of mixed stratified cementum (MSC), with specific distribution along the length of the root [ 156 , 158 ].…”

Resin Infiltration of Non-Cavitated Enamel Lesions in Paediatric Dentistry: A Narrative Review

“…Efforts in formulating a radiopaque RI were also made by Pedreira et al [ 143 ] and Nowak-Wachol et al [ 144 ]. The former authors investigated the radiopacity potential of an experimental RI, using either barium or zirconium oxide particles which served as a filler and incorporated into the RI monomer.…”

“…Nowak-Wachol et al [ 144 ], on the other hand, used yttrium trifluoride (YF 3 ) incorporated in their experimental RI consisting of resin monomer TEDGMA, HEMA and a bioactive methacrylate monomer, PMMAn with build-in metronidazole. They hypothesised the potential antibacterial and radiopaque effects of the experimental RI following the addition of YF 3 .…”