Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from various deep-sea hydrothermal systems

Douville, Éric; Bienvenu, Philippe; Charlou, J. L.; Donval, Jean Pierre; Fouquet, Yves; Appriou, Pierre; Gamo, Toshitaka

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00024-1

Cited by 507 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Despite being located 100-150m apart, the three fluids exhibited a narrow range of temperatures (273-285°C) and compositions (Tables 5.1 and 5.2) suggesting that the Vienna Woods field is fed by a common source fluid. Measured temperatures, pH (25C) and endmember fluid composition have remained relatively constant since previous expeditions in 1990 and 1995 (Lisitsyn et al, 1993;Auzende et al, 1996;Gamo et al, 1997;Douville et al, 1999;Fourre et al, 2006). In general, almost all aspects of the chemistry of fluids venting at Vienna Woods are similar to observations from basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems in MOR settings (Von Damm, 1995;German and Von Damm, 2003).…”

Section: Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 54%

“…As stated previously, Mn abundances in Vienna Woods fluids only suggest temperatures near 350°C and so it is possible that the high Cl endmembers do not reflect active phase separation at depth in 2006, but rather entrainment/depletion of residual brines formed during previous phase separation events (Shanks and Seyfried, 1987;Von Damm and Bischoff, 1987;Von Damm, 1988;Butterfield et al, 1997;Schoofs and Hansen, 2000;Von Damm et al, 2005). Brine entrainment would be consistent with the chronic venting of Cl-rich fluids at Vienna Woods since 1990 (Lisitsyn et al, 1993;Auzende et al, 1996;Gamo et al, 1997;Douville et al, 1999;Fourre et al, 2006) and the apparent absence of any Cl-depleted conjugate fluids.…”

Section: Phase Separation and CL Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Our interpretations would not change significantly if compositions were extrapolated to an arbitrary Mg value (e.g. the lowest observed Mg in a given vent field (Douville et al, 1999)). …”

Section: Calculation Of Endmember Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This assumption is based on experimental evidence for near-quantitative removal of Mg from seawater during hydrothermal interactions with basalt, andesite, and rhyolite at reaction zone conditions typical of seafloor hydrothermal systems Seyfried and Bischoff, 1981;Hajash and Chandler, 1982;Shiraki et al, 1987;Ogawa et al, 2005). It has been suggested that the highly acidic nature of many backarc basin fluids may reverse Mg uptake reactions thereby invalidating the assumption that a near-zero Mg composition exists prior to seawater admixing (Gamo et al, 1997;Douville et al, 1999;Butterfield et al, 2003). For the purposes of our interpretations, however, calculated 'endmember' compositions are assumed to contain no Mg as per convention.…”

Section: Calculation Of Endmember Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Reeves¹

2010

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This thesis presents the results of four discrete investigations into processes governing the organic and inorganic chemical composition of seafloor hydrothermal fluids in a variety of geologic settings. Though Chapters 2 through 5 of this thesis are disparate in focus, each represents a novel investigation aimed at furthering our understanding of subsurface geochemical processes affecting hydrothermal fluid compositions. Chapters 2 and 3 concern the abiotic (nonbiological) formation of organic compounds in high temperature vent fluids, a process which has direct implications for the emergence of life in early Earth settings and sustainment of present day microbial populations in hydrothermal environments. Chapter 2 represents an experimental investigation of methane (CH 4 ) formation under hydrothermal conditions. The overall reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to CH 4 , previously assumed to be kinetically inhibited in the absence of mineral catalysts, is shown to proceed on timescales pertinent to crustal residence times of hydrothermal fluids. In Chapter 3, the abundance of methanethiol (CH 3 SH), considered to be a crucial precursor for the emergence of primitive chemoautotrophic life, is characterized in vent fluids from ultramafic-, basalt-and sediment-hosted hydrothermal systems. Previous assumptions that CH 3 SH forms by reduction of CO 2 are not supported by the observed distribution in natural systems. Chapter 4 investigates factors regulating the hydrogen isotope composition of hydrocarbons under hydrothermal conditions. Isotopic exchange between low molecular weight n-alkanes and water is shown to be facilitated by metastable equilibrium reactions between alkanes and their corresponding alkenes, which are feasible in natural systems. In Chapter 5, the controls on vent fluid composition in a backarc hydrothermal system are investigated. A comprehensive survey of the inorganic geochemistry of fluids from sites of hydrothermal activity in the eastern Manus Basin indicates that fluids there are influenced by input of acidic magmatic solutions at depth, and subsequently modified by variable extents of seawater entrainment and mixing-related secondary acidity production. CHAPTER 1 IntroductionSeafloor hydrothermal systems associated with the generation of oceanic crust represent a dramatic expression of heat and mass transfer from the interior of the Earth. In addition to profound effects on ocean chemistry, convective circulation of seawater through volcanically active oceanic crust leads to the formation of metal sulfide deposits. In addition, seafloor hot springs are often invoked as ideal settings from which early microbial life could have emerged.Since the initial discovery of low temperature venting at the Galápagos Spreading Center in 1977 (CORLISS et al., 1979), our understanding of the composition and diversity of hydrothermal solutions has expanded greatly. During convection through oceanic crust of basaltic composition, O 2 -replete seawater reacts with crustal rock, typically producin...

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Section: Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Phase Separation and CL Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Our interpretations would not change significantly if compositions were extrapolated to an arbitrary Mg value (e.g. the lowest observed Mg in a given vent field (Douville et al, 1999)). …”

Section: Calculation Of Endmember Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Calculation Of Endmember Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Reeves¹

2010

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“…respectively, indicating the higher degree fractionation among the LREEs than among the HREEs. The pattern of LREEs enrichment with significant positive Eu anomalies is common for the hydrothermal fluids from the vent fields hosted on a basaltic or ultramafic rock substratum along MORs [33][34][35]. REEs in the sulfides mainly come from the fluids and thus inherit the patterns of the fluids.…”

Section: Reesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the 49°39′E hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge and their geological inferences

Chen

Huang

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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, the Chinese research cruise DY115-19 discovered an active hydrothermal field at 49°39′E/37°47′S on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). This was also the first active hydrothermal field found along an ultraslow-spreading ridge. We analyzed mineralogical, textural and geochemical compositions of the sulfide chimneys obtained from the 49°39′E field. Chimney samples show a concentric mineral zone around the fluid channel. The mineral assemblages of the interiors consist mainly of chalcopyrite, with pyrite and sphalerite as minor constitunets. In the intermediate portion, pyrite becomes the dominant mineral, with chalcopyrite and sphalerite as minor constitunets. For the outer wall, the majority of minerals are pyrite and sphalerite, with few chalcopyrite. Towards the outer margin of the chimney wall, the mineral grains become small and irregular in shape gradually, while minerals within interstices are abundant. These features are similar to those chimney edifices found on the East Pacific Rise and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The average contents of Cu, Fe and Zn in our chimney samples were 2.83 wt%, 45.6 wt% and 3.28 wt%, respectively. The average Au and Ag contents were up to 2.0 ppm and 70.2 ppm respectively, higher than the massive sulfides from most hydrothermal fields along mid-ocean ridge. The rare earth elements geochemistry of the sulfide chimneys show a pattern distinctive from the sulfides recovered from typical hydrothermal fields along sedimentstarved mid-ocean ridge, with the enrichment of light rare earth elements but the weak, mostly negative, Eu anomaly. This is attributed to the distinct mineralization environment or fluid compositions in this area. In 1977 the first hydrothermal black smoker was discovered on the Galapagos Rift by scientists diving in a deep-sea

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Tectonic structure, lithology, and hydrothermal signature of the Rainbow massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge 36°14′N)

Andréani

Escartı́n

Delacour

et al. 2014

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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Rainbow is a dome-shaped massif at the 36 14 0 N nontransform offset along the Mid-AtlanticRidge. It hosts three ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal sites: Rainbow is active and high temperature; Clamstone and Ghost City are fossil and low temperature. The MoMARDREAM cruises (2007, 2008) presented here provided extensive rock sampling throughout the massif that constrains the geological setting of hydrothermal activity. The lithology is heterogeneous with abundant serpentinites surrounding gabbros, troctolites, chromitites, plagiogranites, and basalts. We propose that a W dipping detachment fault, now inactive, uplifted the massif and exhumed these deep-seated rocks. Present-day deformation is accommodated by SSW-NNE faults and fissures, consistent with oblique teleseismic focal mechanisms and stress rotation across the discontinuity. Faults localize fluid flow and control the location of fossil and active hydrothermal fields that appear to be ephemeral and lacking in spatiotemporal progression. Markers of high-temperature hydrothermal activity (350 C) are restricted to some samples from the active field while a more diffuse, lower temperature hydrothermal activity (<220 C) is inferred at various locations through anomalously high As, Sb, and Pb contents, attributed to element incorporation in serpentines or microscalesulfide precipitation. Petrographic and geochemical analyses show that the dominant basement alteration is pervasive peridotite serpentinization at 160-260 C, attributed to fluids chemically similar to those venting at Rainbow, and controlled by concomitant alteration of mafic-ultramafic units at depth. Rainbow provides a model for fluid circulation, possibly applicable to hydrothermalism at oceanic detachments elsewhere, where both low-temperature serpentinization and magmatic-driven high-temperature outflow develop contemporaneously, channeled by faults in the footwall and not along the detachment fault.

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Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from various deep-sea hydrothermal systems

Cited by 507 publications

References 81 publications

Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the 49°39′E hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge and their geological inferences

Tectonic structure, lithology, and hydrothermal signature of the Rainbow massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge 36°14′N)

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