Yttria-Coated Tungsten Fibers for Use in Tungsten Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Comparative Study on PVD vs. CVD Routes

Palaniyappan, Saravanan; Trautmann, Maik; Mao, Y.; Riesch, J.; Gowda, Parikshith; Rudolph, Nick; Coenen, J. W.; Neu, R.; Wagner, Guntram

doi:10.3390/coatings11091128

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…These preforms are based on single filaments of potassium-doped tungsten wires with diameters of 150 µm warp and 50 µm weft filaments [17,35]. In order to maintain the performance of the material under fusion conditions and to improve the mechanical properties even further, an oxide-ceramic interface, e.g., yttria interface, is necessary [5][6][7]25,[30][31][32][33][34]. To merely demonstrate the advantages of the fiberreinforcement, the application of an interlayer is not essential for initial experiments since the samples are not tested in a fusion environment.…”

Section: Development Of New Tungsten Preformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Tungsten Fiber-Reinforced Tungsten (Wf/W) Composites Using Yarn-Based Textile Preforms

Lau

Coenen

Schwalenberg

et al. 2023

JNE

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The use of tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites (Wf/W) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the mechanical properties of tungsten (W) by incorporating W-fibers into the W-matrix. However, prior research has been restricted by the usage of single fiber-based textile fabrics, consisting of 150 µm warp and 50 µm weft filaments, with limited homogeneity, reproducibility, and mechanical properties in bulk structures due to the rigidity of the 150 µm W-fibers. To overcome this limitation, two novel textile preforms were developed utilizing radial braided W-yarns with 7 core and 16 sleeve filaments (R.B. 16 + 7), with a diameter of 25 µm each, as the warp material. In this study, bulk composites of two different fabric types were produced via a layer-by-layer CVD process, utilizing single 50 µm filaments (type 1) and R.B. 16 + 7 yarns (type 2) as weft materials. The produced composites were sectioned into KLST-type specimens based on DIN EN ISO 179-1:2000 using electrical discharge machining (EDM) and subjected to three-point bending tests. Both composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties with pseudo-ductile behavior at room temperature and withstood over 10,000 load cycles between 50–90% of their respective maximum load without sample fracture in three-point cyclic loading tests. Furthermore, a novel approach to predict the fatigue behavior of the material under cyclic loading was developed based on the high reproducibility of the composites produced, especially for the composite based on type 1. This approach provides a new benchmark for upscaling endeavors and may enable a better prediction of the service life of the produced components made of Wf/W in the future. In comparison, the composite based on fabric type 1 demonstrated superior results in manufacturing performance and mechanical properties. With a high relative average density (>97%), a high fiber volume fraction (14–17%), and a very homogeneous fiber distribution in the CVD-W matrix, type 1 shows a promising option to be further tested in high heat flux tests and to be potentially used as an alternative to currently used materials for the most stressed components of nuclear fusion reactors or other potential application fields such as concentrated solar power (CSP), aircraft turbines, the steel industry, quantum computing, or welding tools. Type 2 composites have a higher layer spacing compared to type 1, resulting in gaps within the matrix and less homogeneous material properties. While type 2 composites have demonstrated a notable enhancement over 150 µm fiber-based composites, they are not viable for industrial scale-up unlike type 1 composites.

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Section: Development Of New Tungsten Preformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Tungsten Fiber-Reinforced Tungsten (Wf/W) Composites Using Yarn-Based Textile Preforms

Lau

Coenen

Schwalenberg

et al. 2023

JNE

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“…The CVD process (see Equation ( 3 )) consists of applying an interface layer (e.g., Y 2 O 3 ) to the fibers, exposing the composite to WF 6 and H 2 at temperatures between 573 and 1073 K. The fibers and CVD matrix have a major influence on the microstructure, potentially leading W f /W composites to present different properties to those of pure W material when eventually exposed to a fusion environment. Despite the fact that certain fabrication aspects still need to be further investigated, CVD is potentially one of the most cost-effective processes due to its fast deposition rate and high mass production from a reduced amount of material [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Plasma Facing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials to Be Used in Future Magnetic Confinement Fusion Reactors: A Review

Alba¹,

Rodríguez²,

Cerdeira³

2022

Materials

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This paper presents the roadmap of the main materials to be used for ITER and DEMO class reactors as well as an overview of the most relevant innovations that have been made in recent years. The main idea in the EUROfusion development program for the FW (first wall) is the use of low-activation materials. Thus far, several candidates have been proposed: RAFM and ODS steels, SiC/SiC ceramic composites and vanadium alloys. In turn, the most relevant diagnostic systems and PFMs (plasma-facing materials) will be described, all accompanied by the corresponding justification for the selection of the materials as well as their main characteristics. Finally, an outlook will be provided on future material development activities to be carried out during the next phase of the conceptual design for DEMO, which is highly dependent on the success of the IFMIF-DONES facility, whose design, operation and objectives are also described in this paper.

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“…Some control parameters differentiate well the techniques belonging to these groups, which makes in many cases a technique more interesting or more appropriate than another. For example, in conventional CVD processes, the treatment temperature is high, while PVD processes occur at lower temperatures [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites Thin Films: Manufacturing and Applications

Sampaio¹,

Serra²,

Dantas³

et al. 2022

Nanocomposite Materials for Biomedical and Energy Storage Applications

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Thin films of nanocomposite materials arouse a lot of interest due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, optical, tribological properties and also by the vast field of application. This chapter covers some techniques of thin films growth, such as the processes of physical vapor deposition, such as magnetron sputtering; the processes of chemical vapor deposition; layer-by-layer; among other techniques. Additionally, relevant features and applications of some nanocomposites thin films are presented. The wide variety of thin films growth techniques have allowed the development of several devices including those that act as: transistors, actuators, sensors, solar cells, devices with shape memory effect, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), thermoelectric devices.

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Yttria-Coated Tungsten Fibers for Use in Tungsten Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Comparative Study on PVD vs. CVD Routes

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Bulk Tungsten Fiber-Reinforced Tungsten (Wf/W) Composites Using Yarn-Based Textile Preforms

Bulk Tungsten Fiber-Reinforced Tungsten (Wf/W) Composites Using Yarn-Based Textile Preforms

Materials to Be Used in Future Magnetic Confinement Fusion Reactors: A Review

Nanocomposites Thin Films: Manufacturing and Applications

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