Youth Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Blackwell, Courtney K.; Mansolf, Maxwell; Sherlock, Phillip; Ganiban, Jody M.; Hofheimer, Julie A.; Barone, Charles; Bekelman, Traci A.; Blair, Clancy; Cella, David; Collazo, Shaina; Croen, Lisa; Deoni, Sean; Elliott, Amy J.; Ferrara, Assiamira; Fry, Rebecca C.; Herbstman, Julie B.; LeWinn, Kaja Z.; Margolis, Amy; Miller, Rachel L.; Porucznik, Christina A.; Wright, Rosalind J.

doi:10.1542/peds.2021-054754

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Furthermore, earlier studies have shown that mental health is affected by unexpected economic hardship, and that its effect varies between males and females—that is, sex is a crucial factor that must be taken into account ( 37 , 40 , 42 , 43 ). Therefore, we analyzed the association between sex-based mental health status and family economic hardship through four subsequent categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of which, demonstrated that, compared to boys, more girls with severe family economic hardship had depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation; whereas, compared to girls, boys with severe economic hardship were more likely to have anxiety. Blackwell et al ( 42 ) reported that the economic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic led to higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression, particularly among adolescent females. This demonstrates that family economic hardship varies based on sex-based mental health problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family economic hardship and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Kim

Jang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveThis study examined whether pandemic related family economic hardships influenced adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea.MethodsData were collected from 54,948 adolescents who participated in the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between family economic hardship and mental health (anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation).ResultsAmong the adolescents, 39.7, 24.7, and 5.9% reported slight, moderate, and severe economic hardship, respectively. COVID-19 related family economic hardship was significantly associated with higher odds of adolescents reporting anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. This association was stronger among adolescents with low to middle family economic status.ConclusionsThis study suggests that adolescents from more economically vulnerable families are likely to be at a higher risk for long-term mental health effects due to the financial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family economic hardship and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Kim

Jang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…In addition, our study period overlapped with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we and others have observed some reduction in measured scores for children that were assessed after the implementation of lockdowns. In our subject set for this study, these effects are more pronounced in some age groups due to our sampling schedule (Blackwell et al, 2022; Deoni et al, 2021) (Supplementary Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Gut-resident microorganisms and their genes are associated with cognition and neuroanatomy in children

Bonham

Bruchhage

Rowland

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Both the brain and microbiome of humans develop rapidly in the first years of life, enabling extensive signaling between the gut and central nervous system (dubbed the “microbiome-gut-brain axis”). Emerging evidence implicates gut microorganisms and microbiota composition in cognitive outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism), but the influence of gut microbial metabolism on typical neurodevelopment has not been explored in detail. We investigated the relationship of the microbiome with the neuroanatomy and cognitive function of 281 healthy children in a cross-sectional analysis and demonstrated that differences in gut microbial taxa and gene functions are associated with the size of brain regions and with overall cognitive function. Many species, including Eubacterium eligens and Roseburia hominis, were associated with higher cognitive function, while some species such as Ruminococcus gnavus was more commonly found in children with low cognitive scores. Microbial enzymes involved in the metabolism of neuroactive compounds such as glutamate and GABA, were also associated with structure of the brain, including the first brain regions to develop such as the cerebellum, and with overall cognitive function.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic encompassed prolonged lockdowns and disruption of daily activities, while restrictions in social life brought loneliness. Thus, it is not surprising that engagement with family was deemed important for young adults (Blackwell et al, 2022;Theron et al, 2021), and especially for those with mental health needs that emerged during the pandemic (Marchini et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-harm in Young People: Investigating the Role of Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nearchou

2022

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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Evidence shows that young people may have experienced increased levels of posttraumatic stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the landscape on self-harm is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress, depression and resilience as predictors of self-harm with and without suicidal intent. Participants were 625 young people aged 17–25 years old (M = 20.2 years, SD = 2.47). Resilience was measured using the self-reported Child & Youth Resilience Scale Measure – Revised (CYRM-R). Posttraumatic stress related to COVID-19 were measured using the Impact of Event Scale- Revised. Depression was measured using the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21. Self-harm was evaluated with two dichotomous items. Participants reported high levels of depression and COVID-19 posttraumatic stress, and a significant percentage reported engaging in self-harm. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that caregiver resilience decreased approximately 20% the odds of engaging in self harm with and without suicidal intent remaining a consistent predictor even after accounting posttraumatic stress and depression in the models. Posttraumatic stress and depression predicted a one-fold increase in the odds of engaging in self-harm with and without suicidal intent. However, posttraumatic stress was no longer a significant predictor when depression was entered in the model in self-harm without suicidal intent. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the likelihood of engaging in self-harm in young people. However, caregiver resilience seems to operate as a protective factor. This important finding carries implications beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Youth Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: This study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-related family hardships on youth’s psychological well-being and identifies malleable factors to promote and protect against such outcomes.

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

Family economic hardship and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Family economic hardship and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Gut-resident microorganisms and their genes are associated with cognition and neuroanatomy in children

Self-harm in Young People: Investigating the Role of Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

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