Youth use of electronic vapor products and blunts for administering cannabis

Eggers, Matthew; Lee, Youn O.; Jackson, Kyle; Wiley, Jenny L.; Porter, Lauren; Nonnemaker, James

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.020

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Due to reasonably frequent co-exposure of human cannabis users to nicotine (Cooper and Haney 2009;Eggers et al 2017;Ream et al 2008;Schauer et al 2017;Timberlake 2009), this study further determined the effects of co-exposure to THC and nicotine via vapor inhalation. Prior work with our inhalation model demonstrated consistent, dose-dependent hypothermic effects of THC inhalation and an inconsistent suppression of locomotor behavior in male and female Wistar, as well as male Sprague-Dawley, rats (Javadi-Paydar et al 2018a;Nguyen et al 2016b;Nguyen et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nicotine and THC Vapor Inhalation Administered by An Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) in Male Rats

Javadi‐Paydar

Cole

Taffe

2018

Preprint

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Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, e-cigarettes) are increasingly used for the self-administration of nicotine by various human populations, including previously nonsmoking adolescents. Studies in preclinical models are necessary to evaluate health impacts of ENDS including the development of nicotine addiction, effects of ENDS vehicles, flavorants and co-administered psychoactive substances such as ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This study was conducted to validate a rat model useful for the study of nicotine effects delivered by inhalation of vapor created by ENDS.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=8) were prepared with radiotelemetry devices for the reporting of temperature and activity. Experiments subjected rats to inhalation of vapor generated by an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) adapted for rodents. Inhalation conditions included vapor generated by the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle, Nicotine (1, 10, 30 mg/mL in the PG) and THC (12.5, 25 mg/mL). Results: Nicotine inhalation increased spontaneous locomotion and decreased body temperature of rats.Pretreatment with the nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented stimulant effects of nicotine vapor inhalation and attenuated the hypothermic response. Combined inhalation of nicotine and THC resulted in apparently independent effects which were either additive (hypothermia) or opposed (activity). Conclusions:These studies provide evidence that ENDS delivery of nicotine via inhalation results in nicotine-typical effects on spontaneous locomotion and thermoregulation in male rats. Effects were blocked by a nicotinic antagonist, demonstrating mechanistic specificity. This system will therefore support additional studies of the contribution of atomizer/wick design, vehicle constituents and/or flavorants to the effects of nicotine administered by ENDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nicotine and THC Vapor Inhalation Administered by An Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) in Male Rats

Javadi‐Paydar

Cole

Taffe

2018

Preprint

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“…The emergence of e-cigarettes may provide adolescents an additional method of inhaling cannabinoids or other psychoactive drugs (Eggers et al, 2017;Kenne et al, 2017), and there are a significant number of websites which provide instructions on how to prepare cannabisderived liquids for use in e-cigarettes such as JUUL (Giroud et al, 2015). As of 2018, 7.5% of US high school seniors report vaping cannabis, an increase from 4.9% in 2017 (Miech et al, 2018).…”

Section: E-cigarettes and Cannabis Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of e-cigarettes, pod mod devices, and JUUL among youth: Factors influencing use, health implications, and downstream effects

Fadus

Smith

Squeglia

2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

266

191

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Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were first introduced in the U.S. market in 2006, with the more recent evolution of "pod-mod" e-cigarettes such as JUUL introduced in 2015. Although marketed as a smoking cessation tool, e-cigarettes are rarely used for this purpose in youth. This review aims to synthesize the literature regarding e-cigarette use among youth, and provides a resource for clinicians, educators, and families that helps answer commonly asked questions about e-cigarettes. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO search was performed using search terms "Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems," "e cigarettes," "e-cigarettes," "electronic cigarettes," "vaping," "JUUL," "e-cigs," and "vape pens." Search results were filtered to only include those related to adolescents and young adults. Results: E-cigarette use among youth is common, with rates of use increasing from 1.5% in 2011 to 20.8% in 2018. Pod mod devices such as JUUL have gained favor among youth for their sleek design, user-friendly function, desirable flavors, and ability to be used discreetly in places where smoking is forbidden. Adolescents are often uninformed about the constituents of ecigarettes, and little is known about the long-term effects of e-cigarettes. Studies have suggested a "gateway" effect for combustible cigarettes and cannabis use. Conclusions: E-cigarette use is becoming increasingly common among youth, leading to a myriad of questions and concerns from providers, educators, and family members. More research is needed to determine the ultimate public health impact of e-cigarette use. The authors provide a summary table of frequently asked questions in order to help clarify these common concerns.

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“…18 Other substances are being vaped as well. 19 In theory, any heat-stable psychoactive recreational drug could be aerosolized and vaped. There are increasing reports of e-liquids containing recreational drugs such as synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, crack cocaine, LSD, and methamphetamine.…”

Section: Not Just Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Dinardo

Rome

2019

CCJM

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Vaping devices, introduced to the US market in 2007 as aids for smoking cessation, have become popular among youth and young adults because of their enticing fl avors and perceived lack of negative health effects. However, evidence is emerging that vaping may introduce high levels of dangerous chemicals into the body and cause severe lung injury and death. This article reviews the history and prevalence of vaping and available research on its health effects and effi cacy in smoking cessation, and proposes recommendations for clinicians and legislators to reduce harms associated with vaping. KEY POINTS Vaping is a common gateway to tobacco and marijuana use for adolescents and adults. The Juul vaping device delivers high nicotine concentrations that may pose a higher risk of nicotine addiction. Vaping has had unintended consequences that include poisoning of children who swallowed liquid nicotine, fi res and explosions from defective batteries in the devices, and effects on the developing brain. Vaping is associated with respiratory illness and, in rare cases, death, likely due to vaporized agents introduced into the lungs. Small amounts of heavy metals, acetone, and other carcinogenic compounds in the vaping aerosol may cause lung damage.

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Youth use of electronic vapor products and blunts for administering cannabis

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Nicotine and THC Vapor Inhalation Administered by An Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) in Male Rats

Effects of Nicotine and THC Vapor Inhalation Administered by An Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) in Male Rats

The rise of e-cigarettes, pod mod devices, and JUUL among youth: Factors influencing use, health implications, and downstream effects

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

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