YOUTH RESISTANCE TRAINING: POSITION STATEMENT PAPER AND LITERATURE REVIEW: Position Statement

Faigenbaum, Avery D.; Kraemer, William J.; Cahill, Bernard R.; Chandler, Jeff; Dziados, J; Elfrink, Loui D.; Forman, Edward; Gaudiose, Michael; Micheli, Lyle J.; Nitka, Mike; Roberts, Scott

doi:10.1519/1073-6840(1996)018<0062:yrtpsp>2.3.co;2

Cited by 74 publications

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“…Previous authors have reported that resistance training in young athletes increases motor performance and lifting technique (10). The influence of direct supervision and increased coaching by the supervisors most probably improved squatting techniques early in the program for the SUP group and is therefore the most likely explanation for the early differences in measures after 6 weeks of training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…However, although the NSCA has developed recommendations for the supervision of resistance training, at present, there is a paucity of data on the influence of supervision on physiological and performance changes with resistance training in both the research and field settings. Furthermore, although the NSCA recommends that young athletes complete strength training while under the supervision of a qualified strength and conditioning coach (8,10), the influence of supervision on performance in young athletes has not been examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of di- rect supervision on muscular strength, power, and running speed during a 12-week resistance-training program with young rugby league players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Direct Supervision of a Strength Coach on Measures of Muscular Strength and Power in Young Rugby League Players

Coutts

Murphy²,

Dascombe³

2004

J Strength Cond Res

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ABSTRACT. Coutts, A.J., A.J. Murphy, and B.J. Dascombe. Effect of direct supervision of a strength coach on measures of muscular strength and power in young rugby league players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(2):316-323. 2004.-The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of direct supervision on muscular strength, power, and running speed during 12 weeks of resistance training in young rugby league players. Two matched groups of young (16.7 Ϯ 1.1 years [mean Ϯ SD]), talented rugby league players completed the same periodized resistance-training program in either a supervised (SUP) (N ϭ 21) or an unsupervised (UNSUP) (N ϭ 21) environment. Measures of 3 repetition maximum (3RM) bench press, 3RM squat, maximal chin-ups, vertical jump, 10-and 20-m sprints, and body mass were completed pretest (week 0), midtest (week 6), and posttest (week 12) training program. Results show that 12 weeks of periodized resistance training resulted in an increased body mass, 3RM bench press, 3RM squat, maximum number of chinups, vertical jump height, and 10-and 20-m sprint performance in both groups (p Ͻ 0.05). The SUP group completed significantly more training sessions, which were significantly correlated to strength increases for 3RM bench press and squat (p Ͻ 0.05). Furthermore, the SUP group significantly increased 3RM squat strength (at 6 and 12 weeks) and 3RM bench press strength (12 weeks) when compared to the UNSUP group (p Ͻ 0.05). Finally, the percent increase in the 3RM bench press, 3RM squat, and chin-up max was also significantly greater in the SUP group than in the UNSUP group (p Ͻ 0.05). These findings show that the direct supervision of resistance training in young athletes results in greater training adherence and increased strength gains than does unsupervised training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Direct Supervision of a Strength Coach on Measures of Muscular Strength and Power in Young Rugby League Players

Coutts

Murphy²,

Dascombe³

2004

J Strength Cond Res

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“…[1][2][3] Although the capability of children to increase their muscular strength was questioned in the past, 4 current findings suggest that children may benefit from regular participation in resistance training activities. Reports indicate that youth resistance training may improve motor performance skills, 5 may reduce injuries in sports and recreational activities, 6,7 and may favorably alter selected anatomic 8 and psychosocial parameters.…”

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confidence: 73%

The Effects of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular Strength and Endurance Development in Children

et al. 1999

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ABSTRACT. Background. Previous research has shown that children can increase their muscular strength and muscular endurance as a result of regular participation in a progressive resistance training program. However, the most effective exercise prescription regarding the number of repetitions remains questionable.Objective. To compare the effects of a low repetitionheavy load resistance training program and a high repetition-moderate load resistance training program on the development of muscular strength and muscular endurance in children.Design. Prospective, controlled trial. Setting. Community-based youth fitness center. Subjects. Eleven girls and 32 boys between the ages of 5.2 and 11.8 years.Intervention. In twice-weekly sessions of resistance training for 8 weeks, children performed 1 set of 6 to 8 repetitions with a heavy load (n ‫؍‬ 15) or 1 set of 13 to 15 repetitions with a moderate load (n ‫؍‬ 16) on child-size exercise machines. Children in the control group (n ‫؍‬ 12) did not resistance train. One repetition maximum (RM) strength and muscular endurance (repetitions performed posttraining with the pretraining 1-RM load) were determined on the leg extension and chest press exercises.Results. One RM leg extension strength significantly increased in both exercise groups compared with that in the control subjects. Increases of 31.0% and 40.9%, respectively, for the low repetition-heavy load and high repetition-moderate load groups were observed. Leg extension muscular endurance significantly increased in both exercise groups compared with that in the control subjects, although gains resulting from high repetitionmoderate load training (13.1 ؎ 6.2 repetitions) were significantly greater than those resulting from low repetition-heavy load training (8.7 ؎ 2.9 repetitions). On the chest press exercise, only the high repetition-moderate load exercise group made gains in 1-RM strength (16.3%) and muscular endurance (5.2 ؎ 3.6 repetitions) that were significantly greater than gains in the control subjects.Conclusion. These findings support the concept that muscular strength and muscular endurance can be improved during the childhood years and favor the prescription of higher repetition-moderate load resistance training programs during the initial adaptation period. Pediatrics 1999;104(1). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/104/1/e5; strength training, weight training, exercise, youth, preadolescent.ABBREVIATIONS. RM, repetition maximum; DCER, dynamic constant external resistance. I n the past several years, resistance training has proven to be a safe and effective method of conditioning for children, provided that appropriate exercise guidelines are followed.1-3 Although the capability of children to increase their muscular strength was questioned in the past, 4 current findings suggest that children may benefit from regular participation in resistance training activities. Reports indicate that youth resistance training may improve motor performance skills, 5 may reduce injuries in sports and recre...

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“…Direct Resistance training and children: RCT AC Benson et al comparisons of isolated and combined progressive resistance training and dietary or nutritional approaches to overweight/obesity in children, in terms of long-term adherence and efficacy, remain to be conducted. Although resistance training is endorsed for use with this age group by many national bodies, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] specific prescription for metabolic health is somewhat speculative as there are limited robustly designed studies on which efficacy can be defined. 51 Resistance training with children and adolescents has almost always been prescribed as an adjunct to aerobic training and/or dietary intervention and very often delivered using low-moderate intensity as circuit-based training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Position statements from numerous national organizations now advocate the use of supervised resistance training with children and adolescents. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] However, there are limited robustly designed studies on which prescription guidelines can be based. In addition, to our knowledge there are no randomized controlled trials (RCT) of high-intensity PRT as an isolated intervention in children with adiposity as a primary outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

2008

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Background: High-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) improves adiposity and metabolic risk in adults, but has not been investigated in children within a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Objective: We hypothesized that high-intensity PRT (8 weeks, twice a week) would decrease central adiposity in children, as assessed via waist circumference. Methods Design/Setting/Participants: Concealed randomization stratified by age and gender was used to allocate rural New Zealand school students to the wait-list control or PRT group. Intervention: Participants were prescribed two sets (eight repetitions per set) of 11 exercises targeting all the major muscle groups at high intensity. Primary Outcome: Waist circumference; secondary outcomes included whole body fat, muscular fitness (one repetition maximum), cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption during a treadmill test), lipids, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose. Results: Of the 78 children (32 girls and 46 boys; mean age 12.2(1.3) years), 51% were either overweight (33%) or obese (18%). High-intensity PRT significantly improved waist circumference (mean change PRT À0.8 (2.2) cm vs þ 0.5 (1.7) cm control; F ¼ 7.59, P ¼ 0.008), fat mass (mean change PRT þ 0.2 (1.4) kg vs þ 1.0 (1.2) kg control; F ¼ 6.00, P ¼ 0.017), percent body fat (mean change PRT -0.3 (1.8)% vs þ 1.2 (2.1)% control; F ¼ 9.04, P ¼ 0.004), body mass index (mean change PRT À0.01 (0.8) kg m À2 vs þ 0.4 (0.7) kg m À2 control; F ¼ 6.02, P ¼ 0.017), upper body strength (mean change PRT þ 11.6(6.1) kg vs þ 2.9(3.7) kg control; F ¼ 48.6, Po0.001) and lower body strength (mean change PRT þ 42.9(26.6) kg vs þ 28.5(26.6) kg control; F ¼ 4.72, P ¼ 0.034) compared to the control group. Waist circumference decreased the most in those with the greatest baseline relative strength (r ¼ À0.257, P ¼ 0.036), and greatest relative (r ¼ À0.400, P ¼ 0.001) and absolute (r ¼ 0.340, P ¼ 0.006) strength gains during the intervention. Conclusion: Isolated high-intensity PRT significantly improves central and whole body adiposity in association with muscle strength in normal-weight and overweight children. The clinical relevance and sustainability of these changes in adiposity should be addressed in future long-term studies.

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YOUTH RESISTANCE TRAINING: POSITION STATEMENT PAPER AND LITERATURE REVIEW: Position Statement

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Direct Supervision of a Strength Coach on Measures of Muscular Strength and Power in Young Rugby League Players

Effect of Direct Supervision of a Strength Coach on Measures of Muscular Strength and Power in Young Rugby League Players

The Effects of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular Strength and Endurance Development in Children

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

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