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Objective: to systematize and develop ideas about the improvement of the Russian state policy to promote youth employment. Methods: the work is based on the analysis of literature and normative-legal documents using general scientific methods of cognition. Results: the paper reveals the legal bases for the activities of Russian authorities in the field of promoting youth employment and developing labor market. It is shown that, despite the variety of measures, young people still face serious barriers to successful career starting and stable employment in general. The analysis summarizes the priority areas of action to overcome the most pressing problems, including: loose regulation of the status of a young specialist; limited statistics; low awareness of young people about the situation on the labor market; mismatch between the personnel produced and the current needs of the economy, etc. The conclusion emphasizes the importance to summarizing the accumulated experience and practical application of the most beneficial solutions, taking into account the specifics of the Russian labor market. Scientific novelty: the conducted research contributes to the development of theoretical and practical issues of promoting youth employment, including the deepening of ideas about the main barriers to stable employment and measures to overcome them. Practical significance: the study results can be used, first of all, in the practice of public administration at any level to improve the policy to promote youth employment.
Objective: to systematize and develop ideas about the improvement of the Russian state policy to promote youth employment. Methods: the work is based on the analysis of literature and normative-legal documents using general scientific methods of cognition. Results: the paper reveals the legal bases for the activities of Russian authorities in the field of promoting youth employment and developing labor market. It is shown that, despite the variety of measures, young people still face serious barriers to successful career starting and stable employment in general. The analysis summarizes the priority areas of action to overcome the most pressing problems, including: loose regulation of the status of a young specialist; limited statistics; low awareness of young people about the situation on the labor market; mismatch between the personnel produced and the current needs of the economy, etc. The conclusion emphasizes the importance to summarizing the accumulated experience and practical application of the most beneficial solutions, taking into account the specifics of the Russian labor market. Scientific novelty: the conducted research contributes to the development of theoretical and practical issues of promoting youth employment, including the deepening of ideas about the main barriers to stable employment and measures to overcome them. Practical significance: the study results can be used, first of all, in the practice of public administration at any level to improve the policy to promote youth employment.
The current complex phenomenon of labor precarization has been extremely actively developed in the United States of America, especially over the past two decades. Undoubtedly, the main reason for the increase in the share of the precariat in the labor market is economic development based on a change in technological patterns, which is characterized in the capitalist economy, on the one hand, by an increase in the role of human capital, and on the other hand, by its overconcentration, including at the intra-country regional level. The emergence and development of a new form of labor relations invariably leads to the need to revise social policy. The regional aspects of the implementation of social programs considered in this paper, which are to some extent capable of mitigating the consequences of the instability of employment and the insecurity of labor relations in the United States for the period 2007–2020, serve as one of the explanations for the intensifying processes of regionalization observed in the country. The result of the study was the identification of two main aspects of the implementation of social programs at the level of subregions and individual states of the country. The first reflects the further regionalization of federal relations in terms of social support for the population, carried out without taking into account the growing precarization of labor in regions with the largest share of the precariat among the employed. The second aspect, which takes into account the structural features of the distribution of funding in the areas of education, health care and social protection of the population, reveals the authorities’ attempt to carry out balanced social programming in the subregions that are potential centers of the “new industrialization” of the American economy. This approach is aimed at preserving and qualitatively developing the human capital of the region by smoothing out the negative consequences of labor precarization.
The digitalization of the economy and society of the highly developed countries, along with technological improvements in production and social relations, introduces a number of significant problems associated with the widening income gap and the flow of the economically active population from the knowledge economy to the “traditional activity” sectors. The subjective expression of this process in the 21st century Low Budget Families, an increase in the share of which has been observed in the United States during the period of increased digitalization and reindustrialization, starting in 2010. The growth trend of Low Budget Families in the United States has an intra-country spatial nature, quantitatively and qualitatively different both at the level of subregions and individual states of the country. The regional aspects of the relationship between the growth of the share of Low Budget Families, depending on the level of digitalization of the economy and society, reflected through the corresponding “complex index”, considered in the article, find empirical confirmation, generally characterized by a direct dependence and causality associated with the release of an increasingly significant number of labor potential from the advanced sectors of the economy. The problem of the flow of economically active citizens, who represent the basis of Low Budget Families in which the level of official income, taxes, consumption and savings is declining, is being solved differently in different US states. Based on a comparison of the criteria for identifying Low Budget Families, a priority for the authorities of various regions of the country, a general “spatial picture” of polarization of subregions and states is formed based on the share of Low Budget Families, depending on the level of digitalization and the choice of directions of state regional policy to smooth out the negative problems of inequality and hidden employment, caused by the digital transformation of social relations.
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