Youth, Farming, and Precarity in Rural Burundi

Berckmoes, Lidewyde H.; White, Ben

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55623-3_13

Cited by 42 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Faced with the double-edged sword of socio-economic insecurity and the restructuring of labour markets, the resourcefulness of young people does not simply reside in their ability to endure hardship. It is also evident in the spatially and temporally specific ways in which they engage with challenging economic conditions and assume responsibility for social reproduction (Berckmoes and White, 2014;Huijsmans, 2014;Punch, 2015). and Jeffrey and Dyson (2013) highlight how one of the strategies employed by young people in the Global South to combat difficult economic circumstances is to become an entrepreneur, i.e.…”

Section: Development Youth Entrepreneurship and Football Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escape to victory: Development, youth entrepreneurship and the migration of Ghanaian footballers

Esson

2015

Geoforum

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a b s t r a c tThis article contributes to contemporary debates over the resourcefulness and entrepreneurialism of young people in the Global South by exploring the relationship between development and the migration of male youth within the football industry. Drawing on fieldwork in Accra, the paper reveals how young Ghanaians attempt to enact development as freedom through spatial mobility. Significantly, this is coupled with an awareness that their desired spatial mobility is difficult to attain, thereby inducing a sense of involuntary immobility. For some male youth, the solution to this predicament is to invest in their sporting bodily capital and become Foucauldian 'entrepreneurs of self' in the form of a professional footballer. Meanwhile for others, the solution to prevailing economic pressures is to embrace financial risk by becoming entrepreneurs in the form of football club owners, and attempting to profit from the movement of players. The interests of these two sets of entrepreneurs coalesce around the fact that the mobility of footballers is crucial to generating a return on their respective investments. It is argued that the construction of young Ghanaians as responsible for their future life chances, and the growing dissonance between aspirations and the ability to migrate, is a key reason why youth are trying to migrate through football. Problematically, this can foster conditions favourable for irregular migration.

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Section: Development Youth Entrepreneurship and Football Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escape to victory: Development, youth entrepreneurship and the migration of Ghanaian footballers

Esson

2015

Geoforum

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“…We argue that this logic of violence illustrates the connections that children make between everyday encounters with direct, interpersonal violence in the school environment and the wider social structures of Burundian society in the general context of Violence and Vulnerability 39 (political) uncertainty, omnipresent violence and ever-looming possibilities of victimisation (cf. Berckmoes, 2014Berckmoes, , 2015, see also Pells and others, 2018: 32).…”

Section: Discussion: a Learned Logic Of Violencementioning

confidence: 90%

“…For instance, Debos showed how youth in Chad incorporate collective, shared ways of understanding and dealing with the violence prevalent in their society in their life trajectories and career choices (2011). The ways in which children and youth learn to deal with (the threat of) violence in an overall context of uncertainty allows for both change and continuity: learned strategies may resist, prevent or limit (the use of) violence but they can also make anew, and thus reproduce or further entrench social structures that enable and legitimise violence taking place, thereby perpetuating crisis and uncertainty (Berckmoes, 2014(Berckmoes, , 2015. To better understand this process, this study focuses on children's understandings and strategies to deal with violence in Burundi, a country that has been mired in cyclical violence since its independence in 1962 (Baghdadli and others, 2008;Berckmoes, 2014Berckmoes, , 2015Lemarchand, 1994;Uvin, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was formerly colonised by Germany and later Belgium, during which 'the colonial administrations codified socioeconomic differences and status in ways that privileged' the Tutsi, a particular ethnic group, vis-a-vis other ethnic groups such as the Hutu and Twa (Anders andLester, 2015: 740, Lemarchand, 1994). Politically motivated (mass) violence, often along ethnic lines, subsequently occurred in 1965, 1969, 1972, 1988 and 1991, leading to different groups of refugees leaving and returning to the country in different capacities over time (Anders and Lester, 2015: 740;Berckmoes, 2014Berckmoes, , 2015. In 1993, a 12-year civil war started which left Burundi devastated and faced with the formidable task of reviving a shattered economy, rebuilding social services and forging national unity on the ruins ofparticularly, ethnicdivisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violence and Vulnerability: Children’s Strategies and the Logic of Violence in Burundi

Hendriks

Reis

Sostakova³

et al. 2019

Children & Society

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This study explores how children in conflict‐affected Burundi deal with violence in their everyday lives. Focusing on schools as a context in which children are prepared for further roles in society, child‐centred, qualitative and mixed‐methods research was conducted at 36 primary schools throughout Burundi. Findings reveal that children use a variety of strategies to deal with violence they encounter. These strategies reflect a learned ‘logic of violence’, matching dynamics of violence and vulnerability in society at large. Children’s strategies are ultimately aimed at reducing vulnerability to (future) violence and indicative of the omnipresence of violence and uncertainty in Burundi.

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“…The female role is that of a submissive, dutiful wife conscientiously seeing to the children's needs and assuming responsibility for household chores. The primary purpose of marriage is to have children (Berckmoes & White, 2014;Irambona 1991).…”

Section: Women In Burundimentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Microcredit Changing Women's Role? An Exploratory Study from Rural Burundi

Varela¹,

Daou²,

Tessier³

et al. 2016

IJGWS

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Although microcredit programs are used in many developing countries, the evidence on the effects of microcredit on women, documented in several studies, is still contradictory. One example of this lack of congruence is the impact on domestic violence. Several studies show that the financial empowerment of women is a risk factor for domestic violence while others affirm its role as a protective factor. Our research aims to explore the economic and social effects of the Nawe Nuze microcredit groups in Burundi. We seek to explore the effects of microcredit on women's role. A mixed methodology has been used. An interesting aspect of this study is that we take into account the perceptions and discourses of men (husbands) relative to the role of women in Burundi and, in the Nawe Nuze microcredit groups. We found that, although the economic effect is the most visible, a positive social effect on the woman's role in the household and on the couple's relationship is evidenced. Furthermore, we found that participation of women in microcredit groups has no observable effect on intimate partner violence. We, therefore, believe these results advance research and can usefully assist policy makers and practitioners in establishing microcredit programs for women.

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Youth, Farming, and Precarity in Rural Burundi

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Escape to victory: Development, youth entrepreneurship and the migration of Ghanaian footballers

Escape to victory: Development, youth entrepreneurship and the migration of Ghanaian footballers

Violence and Vulnerability: Children’s Strategies and the Logic of Violence in Burundi

Is Microcredit Changing Women's Role? An Exploratory Study from Rural Burundi

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