Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio with Reference to Geophysical Applications

Zisman, W. A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.19.7.653

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…That the departure may be great has been shown by recent measurements of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio at pressures reaching about fifty-six atmospheres. 3 The same fact has become evident in the course of the present research, when cubic compressibilities were determined by first measuring linear compressibility at a pressure r'ange of one to about eight hundred atmospheres. The amount of the anisotropy in standard rocks can be gauged by study of the tables of data to be seen on later pages.…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

“…3 The same method of indicating the directions of coring of the cylinder for compressibility tests was used. The cores were ground carefully to form accurate right cylinders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The following descriptions of additional rocks studied here are due to the kindness of H. J. Fraser, E. B. Dane, Jr., and C. S. Hurlbut, of the Department of Geology of Harvard University.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compressibility and Anisotropy of Rocks at and near the Earth's Surface

Zisman

1933

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Purpose of the Investigation.-That remarkably active branch of geophysics, seismology, is dependent for theory and practice on accurate information regarding those physical properties of rocks that are most intimately related to the propagation of elastic waves in the earth. Most important of all for use in diagnosing the composition of hidden rocks is volume compressibility. Due to recent improvements in technique by Bridgman and others, it is now possible to measure the linear and cubic compressibility of a rock under hydrostatic pressures as high as 10,000 to 30,000 kilograms per square centimeter. This is the range of pressure at depths of roughly 35 to 100 kilometers in the earth. While Bridgman has supplied some data on the compressibility of rocks at high pressure, the greater part of the available information comes from the work of Adams and Williamson at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.I Adams and Williamson worked in a pressure range of 2000 to 10,000 "megabars" (now sometimes called "bars"), a megabar being one million dynes per square centimeter and equal to about 1.02 kilograms per square centimeter or about ninety-nine per cent of one atmosphere. Their measurements were made under two different conditions. In the one case the rock specimens were exposed directly to the fluid transmitting the pressure; in the other case the air-dried specimens were covered with thin, impermeable tin-foil which prevented the direct access of the fluid. Adams and Williamson pointed out that the measured compressibility should be the greater in the second case, provided the rock carries cracks or pores in communication. For clearly, when the pressure goes on, the cracks and pores should be more easily closed if the specimen is "covered" than if the transmitting fluid is allowed to enter cracks and pores and so add to the resistance to closure. This theoretical expectation agreed with the results of the many experiments, except in the case of three rocks: marble, Westerly granite and Stone Mountain granite. These anomalies were not explained. During the experiments reported in the present paper, twenty-eight different specimens of rock were tested in both the covered and uncovered states; in every case the behavior was that foretold by Adams and Williamson. Those authors showed that the compressibility of most rocks decreases rapidly as the pressure rises from an initial amount of three hundred 666 PROC. N. A. S.

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supporting

confidence: 59%

“…3 The same method of indicating the directions of coring of the cylinder for compressibility tests was used. The cores were ground carefully to form accurate right cylinders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compressibility and Anisotropy of Rocks at and near the Earth's Surface

Zisman

1933

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In 1933, Zisman [9] noted that for a variety of naturally occurring rocks, those with a high Young's modulus commonly had a high Poisson's ratio, while rocks with a low Young's modulus commonly had a low Poisson's ratio. However, the same initial and final stress states for a diabase specimen left both v and Y essentially unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of microcracking upon the Poisson's ratio for brittle materials

Case

1984

J Mater Sci

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Microcracking--elasticity theories typically relate a decrement in elastic moduli to the number density, N, and the mean microcrack radius (a). In this paper, four microcracking-modulus theories are rewritten in terms of the macroscopic, observable parameters of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, eliminating the specific dependence on the difficult to measure, microscopic quantities N and (a). The rewritten microcracking elasticity theories are then compared to elasticity data on a variety of m icrocracked, polycrystalline ceramics.

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“…The values used in the calculations, and their source, are: a = ll.71x10-6 value for iron (Holborn and Day 1901). E=Young's modulus=21.7xlO n dynes/cm2 (Zisman, 1933). o-=Poisson's ratio=0.317 (Zisman, 1933).…”

Section: Behavior Of a Model Meteorite Body In A Desert Region Distribution Of Temperature And Thermal Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The disintegration of the Wolf Creek meteorite and the formation of pecoraite, the nickel analog of clinochrysotile

Faust¹,

Fahey²,

Mason³

et al. 1973

Professional Paper

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Introduction 107 Acknowledgments 107 Pecoraite 107 Preparation of sample 107 Physical and optical properties 108 Crystallographic studies 108 Electron-microscopic examination 108 X-ray powder diffraction studies 108 Geometrical relations of the curved sheets of pecoraite to the cylindrical structure of clinochry sotile 112 Calculation of tube radii 112 Interpretation of diffraction effects 112 Interpretation of tube morphology 116 Chemical properties -i ig Pyrognostics i ig Chemical analysis and composition 117 Microprobe analysis us Studies on pecoraite and related synthetic phases in the system H2O-NiO-SiO2

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Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio with Reference to Geophysical Applications

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Compressibility and Anisotropy of Rocks at and near the Earth's Surface

Compressibility and Anisotropy of Rocks at and near the Earth's Surface

The effect of microcracking upon the Poisson's ratio for brittle materials

The disintegration of the Wolf Creek meteorite and the formation of pecoraite, the nickel analog of clinochrysotile

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