“…Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic afforded a unique insight into how these inner and outer factors can intersect and overlap, as we witnessed how the impact of enforcing widespread restrictions on mountain bikers (outer), in this case of movement, leads to the proliferation of unauthorised trail building (inner) (Primack and Terry, 2021;O'Keeffe, 2022), supporting the notion that mountain bikers a desire to ride certain types of trails and to create them where they don't currently exist. During the pandemic there was also a significant increase in the use of trails located in or close to urban areas (Tiessen, 2022;Smith et al, 2022), and while this may not have been driven by fully autonomous motives, locating trails close to where people live and work promotes wider sustainability by reducing vehicular travel to reach trails and increasing equity of access.…”