Young people who use drugs engaged in harm reduction programs in New York City: Overdose and other risks

Calvo, M. T. Garcia; MacFarlane, Jessica C.; Zaccaro, Heather; Curtis, Matthew; Cabán, María; Favaro, Jamie; Passannante, Marian R.; Frost, Taeko

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.032

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This diversity suggests that the trajectory we describe is not limited to a narrow subset of opioid-using young adults. Because participants were recruited through peer-based social networks using RDS, the sample is distinctive from many recent studies of opioid-using youth that are based on samples of drug treatment or harm reduction clients or street-based, homeless youth (Cicero, Lynskey, Todorov, Inciardi, & Surratt, 2008; Lankenau et al, 2012; Calvo et al, 2017). The use of RDS, a methodology specifically designed for sampling “hidden” populations, may have allowed us to reach less visible members of the target population, such as those not engaged with drug-related services or those with less frequent opioid use, potentially increasing the generalizability of the findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants’ ability to accurately recall their opioid use histories, including behaviors and events that may have occurred a number of years in the past, is un-known. However, such designs are common in national-level and community-based studies of drug users (Calvo et al, 2017; Cerda et al, 2015; O’Keefe et al, 2016). Because the sample consists entirely of New York City residents, results may not generalize to young opioid users in other areas, particularly rural locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better understand how youths’ opioid use escalates, we distinguish between first use of a drug and the onset of regular use, an aspect of trajectory re-search that has received relatively little attention. Finally, given the commonality of polydrug and poly-pharmaceutical use in the new generation of opioid users – in particular, the co-occurring nonmedical use of benzodiazepines and opioids (Calvo et al, 2017; Mateu-Gelabert et al, 2017) – we consider the location of benzodiazepine misuse within the overall sequence of transitions. Study findings may have important implications for the development and dissemination of tailored drug prevention, treatment and harm reduction services for opioid-using youth – for example, by helping to inform the optimal timing for delivering primary and secondary prevention interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Young adults' opioid use trajectories: From nonmedical prescription opioid use to heroin, drug injection, drug treatment and overdose

Guarino

Mateu‐Gelabert

Teubl

et al. 2018

Addictive Behaviors

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Young adults' opioid use trajectories: From nonmedical prescription opioid use to heroin, drug injection, drug treatment and overdose

Guarino

Mateu‐Gelabert

Teubl

et al. 2018

Addictive Behaviors

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“…The Injection Drug Users Health Alliance Citywide Study (IDUCS) is the largest study to date of persons who use drugs (PWUDs) participating in harm reduction programs in the US. From 2014 to 2015, 2421 individuals who took part in 14 local harm reduction programs in New York City were surveyed [71]. It was found that younger PWUDs were more likely to report a recent overdose than older PWUDs but younger PWUDs were less likely to know about naloxone and its role in reversing overdose [71].…”

Section: Naloxone Knowledge Among Persons Who Use Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 2014 to 2015, 2421 individuals who took part in 14 local harm reduction programs in New York City were surveyed [71]. It was found that younger PWUDs were more likely to report a recent overdose than older PWUDs but younger PWUDs were less likely to know about naloxone and its role in reversing overdose [71]. In a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 46 young people (ages 18 to 32) in New York who abused prescription opioids, participants were not well informed about the use of naloxone.…”

Section: Naloxone Knowledge Among Persons Who Use Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Place of Community Rescue Naloxone in a Public Health Crisis of Opioid Overdose

Pergolizzi¹,

LeQuang²,

Taylor³

et al. 2019

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The recent large increase in deaths involving opioids (whether prescription or illicit, pure or adulterated, alone or in combination with other drugs) is the manifestation of a complex, and multifaceted problem consisting of psychological, psychosocial, medical, legal, regulatory, economic, cultural, and political components, among others. Because the problem involves issues related to both supply and demand, the solution is not obvious, simple, or quick. There is no easy fix. Preventing and treating opioid misuse and abuse requires a comprehensive, time-intensive, and expensive intervention supported by public policy and support through coordinated medical, regulatory, legal, and financial guidelines and practice. But until the long-term problems can be fixed, the immediate crisis of overdose deaths can be ameliorated by making available an opioid receptor antagonist to reverse the respiratory depression that is the cause of death to those who are in the best position to administer it in time (professionals, untrained bystanders, and even fellow drug abusers). The statistics overwhelmingly demonstrate that this is a life-saving medical intervention. Yet, there is still uncertainty about this intervention, and even some opposition to it. We describe the scientific basis for the approach and the issues surrounding its use to treat accidental or intentional overdose by pain patients, recreational opioid users, and addicts. We also describe the calls to limit the number of times it should be available to a user and the limitations of its effectiveness-mainly that it only addresses the acute death crisis, not the underlying problems that led to it.

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Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2022

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IMPORTANCEThe ongoing overdose crisis continues to adversely affect adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and has led to numerous preventable deaths. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, have the potential to reduce opioid use and associated harms; however, there are concerns that AYAs lack access to these potentially life-saving medications.OBJECTIVE To systematically review peer-reviewed literature on MOUD access and associated factors to synthesize strategies that can improve MOUD access for AYAs who use opioids. EVIDENCE REVIEWThe MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and Global Dissertations & Theses databases were searched from database inception until May 3, 2021. English, French, Russian, or Spanish peer-reviewed studies that evaluated the availability, prescription receipt, or initiation of MOUD were eligible for inclusion.FINDINGS This systematic review identified 37 cohort (n = 17), cross-sectional (n = 15), and qualitative (n = 5) studies that accounted for 179 785 AYAs (mean [SD] age, 24.4 [3.9] years; 148 779 [85%] were female; 67 771 [84%] were White) and examined access to methadone (30 studies), buprenorphine (26 studies), and naltrexone (10 studies). Findings reinforce concerns that AYAs were less likely to access MOUD and suggest that adolescents were more likely to receive naltrexone or buprenorphine-naloxone, which have a lower potential for abuse, in comparison with young adults. This review also identified other factors that were associated with MOUD access, including criminal justice involvement, residing in the US South, living in a limited-income area, Black race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, suggesting ways in which treatment services may be improved to increase MOUD access and meet the treatment goals of AYAs.CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE This systematic review found gaps in MOUD access between AYAs and non-AYA populations in addition to differences in MOUD access between adolescents and young adults. Considering that existing clinical guidelines recommend the use of MOUD among AYAs, and in light of the increasing number of opioid toxicity deaths, there is a need to improve MOUD access among AYAs by reducing barriers to MOUD and providing AYAs with a continuum of health and social supports alongside MOUD. Future research into ways to encourage MOUD uptake among AYAs may improve the treatment and health outcomes for this population.

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Young people who use drugs engaged in harm reduction programs in New York City: Overdose and other risks

Cited by 33 publications

References 46 publications

Young adults' opioid use trajectories: From nonmedical prescription opioid use to heroin, drug injection, drug treatment and overdose

Young adults' opioid use trajectories: From nonmedical prescription opioid use to heroin, drug injection, drug treatment and overdose

The Place of Community Rescue Naloxone in a Public Health Crisis of Opioid Overdose

Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Adolescents and Young Adults

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