“…A growing body of empirical research focuses on both these dimensions, both vertical and horizontal, where concerns of the knowledge, skills, values and dispositions necessary for citizenship are considered together with those of the necessary educational processes, structures and support for participation (e.g. Ireland et al 2006, Kelly 2006, Osler and Starkey 2006, Lund 2006, Biesta et al 2009, Lopes et al 2009, Osler 2009, Amn氓 et al 2010. In a recent summary of research explaining citizens' participation, Yeung, Passmore and Packer (2012) group main factors supporting participation as: citizens' communication networks, social milieu and life satisfaction.…”