Young children's food preferences: a comparison of three modalities of food stimuli

Modifying children's food preferences: the effects of exposure and reward on acceptance of an unfamiliar vegetable

“…The scale comprises cartoon faces, varying in expression from a broad smile to deep frown and designed to appear neutral with respect to their sex. The reliability of such a measure of preference in young children has been demonstrated by Birch et al (1980) and, more recently, by Guthrie et al (2000). Participants' understanding of the scale was established through discussion of hypothetical situations prior to using it to rate the taste of the pepper.…”

Research challenges and methods to study food preferences in school-aged children: A review of the last 15years

“…The use of non-tasting methods such as photographs of foods has previously been applied to younger children (Guthrie, Rapoport, & Wardle, 2000), but interactive computerized measurement of children's preferences has received little attention. This procedure has been applied by Vereecken, Vandervorst, Nicklas, Covents, and Maes (2010) to investigate F&V preferences among a sample of 4-6-year-old children showing a high reliability of the measurement, even if the relationship between the responses of children and parents was moderate.…”

Hedonic ratings and consumption of school lunch among preschool children

“…These methods are speedy and inexpensive, but they rely on children's memory and mental images induced by food names. Noble, Corney, Eves, Kipps, and Lumbers (2000) used photographs of foods commonly served at school lunch as stimuli, but for preschool children, photographs do not reliably represent real foods (Guthrie, Rapport, & Wardle, 2000). The observation method represents the best approach to study what children consume (Salvy et al, 2008;Simons-Morton et al, 1992), and observations can be very helpful in validating indirect methods and confirming children's reports of portion size (Baxter et al, 2000).…”

“…Assumingly, methodological challenges restrict working with children at this age (e.g., Guthrie et al, 2000;Popper & Kroll, 2005). Yet it is important to learn to what extent hedonic ratings of real foods, collected from young children, predict the consumption of these foods.…”