Young children formula consumption and iron deficiency at 24 months in the general population: A national-level study

Sacri, Anne‐Sylvia; Bocquet, A.; Montalembert, Mariane de; Herçberg, Serge; Gouya, Laurent; Blondel, Béatrice; Ganon, Amandine; Hébel, Pascale; Vincelet, Catherine; Thollot, Franck; Rallo, Massimiliano; Gembara, Piotr; Lévy, Corinne

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.041

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…A recent study by Sacri et al . (2021) support these findings as French children with higher serum ferritine levels are more often YCF users [ 21 ]. In an intervention study funded by the YCF-industry, Akkermans et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Consumption of young child formulae in the Netherlands

2022

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Purpose Adequate micronutrient intakes are essential for young children. Special young child formulae (YCF) intended for children from 1 year old are available in the Dutch market. Since YCF are enriched with many micronutrients, it has the potential to have a beneficial effect on young children, or might pose a risk on excessive micronutrient intakes. The current study investigated the characteristics of YCF users, and the effect of YCF use on micronutrient intakes. Methods Data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (2012–2016; n = 440 children aged 1–2 year old) and the Dutch Food Composition Database (NEVO version 2016) were used to assess micronutrient intakes. Habitual intakes of users and non-users of YCF were calculated using Statistical Program to Assess Dietary Exposure (SPADE) and compared. Results In the Netherlands, YCF was consumed by 21% of the 1–2-year-olds. YCF contributed mostly to total vitamin D intake (76%) and between 0 and 50% for other micronutrients. Higher vitamin A, B1, C, D, E, total folate, iron and zinc intakes were observed among users, and higher potassium and phosphorus intakes were found among non-users. Risk of inadequate intake was low among both users and non-users for most nutrients, and the only elevated risk of excessive intake found was for zinc among YCF users. Conclusion YCF increased micronutrient intake, however, for most of the micronutrients there is already a low risk of inadequate intake. YCF increased the risk of excessive zinc intake. It is important that the addition of micronutrients to YCF is regulated, to prevent excessive intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Consumption of young child formulae in the Netherlands

2022

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“…In most surveys, formula was the main source of iron up to 2 years of age in non-breastfed children [64,67,68,98,99]. The prolonged use of iron-fortified formula up to 3 years was highlighted by several studies and is correlated with the DII [22,[100][101][102][103][104][105]. This is especially important as the consumption of iron-rich complementary food is low, with a poor diet diversity.…”

Section: Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when exclusive breastfeeding is extended beyond the age of 4 months, the advisability of supplementation should be discussed according to the clinical and socioeconomic context [10,22,31,35,48,67,82,84,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97]. Otherwise, an iron-enriched formula must be chosen and used after 1 year and if possible, for up to 3 years [10,22,23,34,64,67,98,[100][101][102][103][104][105]. When solid foods are introduced, the prevention aims primarily to improve the quality of the diet, by favoring natural bioavailable iron-containing foods, especially red meat, poultry, or fish (Table 5), and food rich in vitamin C [10,76,[121][122][123].…”

Section: Dietary Strategies To Address Suboptimal Intake In Infants A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Approaches to Iron Deficiency Prevention in Childhood—A Critical Public Health Issue

Chouraqui

2022

Nutrients

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Iron is an essential nutrient, and individual iron status is determined by the regulation of iron absorption, which is driven by iron requirements. Iron deficiency (ID) disproportionately affects infants, children, and adolescents, particularly those who live in areas with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. The main reason for this is that diet provides insufficient bioavailable iron to meet their needs. The consequences of ID include poor immune function and response to vaccination, and moderate ID anemia is associated with depressed neurodevelopment and impaired cognitive and academic performances. The persistently high prevalence of ID worldwide leads to the need for effective measures of ID prevention. The main strategies include the dietary diversification of foods with more bioavailable iron and/or the use of iron-fortified staple foods such as formula or cereals. However, this strategy may be limited due to its cost, especially in low-income countries where biofortification is a promising approach. Another option is iron supplementation. In terms of health policy, the choice between mass and targeted ID prevention depends on local conditions. In any case, this remains a critical public health issue in many countries that must be taken into consideration, especially in children under 5 years of age.

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“…For children who are not allergic, iron-fortified foods, including packaged cereals, may be an additional source of iron. Through later infancy, iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency, thus highlighting the importance of adequate iron intake [56]. Amongst the very young, infant formulas and cereals are main sources of dietary iron [57].…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst the very young, infant formulas and cereals are main sources of dietary iron [57]. After age 12 months, iron-fortified formulas are positively associated with serum ferritin levels, independent of socio-economic status and other dietary sources of iron [56].…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veganism and paediatric food allergy: two increasingly prevalent dietary issues that are challenging when co-occurring

Protudjer

Mikkelsen

2020

BMC Pediatr

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Vegan dietsdefined as the exclusion of all foods of animal origin from the diet-are becoming popular. In recent years, the prevalence of food allergy has also increased, and disproportionately affects children. When vegan diets and food allergy co-occur, this combination can be challenging and pose risks of nutritional deficiencies, particularly during childhood. In this paper, we aim to summarise the major concerns regarding vegan diets and food allergy, review the literature on this topic, and provide some suggestions for healthcare providers, particularly dietitians and nutritionists, who work with food allergic, vegan patients and their family. When working with this patient population, a regular and complete medical nutrition history, including screening for any possible nutritional deficiencies, is warranted. Likewise, the routine tracking of serum markers (especially iodine, iron, zinc, calcium, Vitamins B12, D, B2, and A, selected n-3 fatty acids and protein, which are more abundant in animal vs. plant foods) and symptoms of co-morbid diseases, including asthma, is important, as comorbid diseases may increase energy and nutrient requirements. For infants and children, anthropometry ought to be tracked longitudinally at regular intervals to identify any deviations from the child's previous growth pattern, and to accommodate any increased requirements for growth and development. Correct diagnoses, education and allergy management must be disseminated to the family in a clear and appropriate manner. Children with allergy may have increased nutritional needs due to comorbidity. This is complicated by coincident food allergy and vegan diet as both impose diet restrictions (limiting sources of important nutrients, need for dietary variety and/or increased consumption due to reduced bioavaliability).

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Young children formula consumption and iron deficiency at 24 months in the general population: A national-level study

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Consumption of young child formulae in the Netherlands

Consumption of young child formulae in the Netherlands

Dietary Approaches to Iron Deficiency Prevention in Childhood—A Critical Public Health Issue

Veganism and paediatric food allergy: two increasingly prevalent dietary issues that are challenging when co-occurring

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