Young adult susceptible non-smokers’ and smokers’ responses to capsule cigarettes

Hoek, Janet; Gendall, Philip; Eckert, Christine; Louviere, Jordan J.; Blank, Mei‐Ling; Thrasher, James F.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054470

Cited by 32 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…22 In fact, prior evidence has shown that young adults who are non-smokers are more likely to initiate the use of flavored e-cigarettes. 56 In this study, stratification by conventional cigarette smoking status demonstrated that ever use of e-cigarettes was higher among the younger adult age groups of 18 to 34 years and 35 to 54 years when compared with participants aged ≥55 years for both smokers and non-smokers of conventional cigarettes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Ever Use of E-Cigarettes Among Adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic Factors

Stallings-Smith

Ballantyne

2019

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E-cigarette use among adolescents is well-documented, but less is known about adult users of e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and e-cigarette use in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 2015-2016 were analyzed to assess e-cigarette use among 5989 adults aged ≥18 years. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine associations between the sociodemographic exposures of age, sex, race, marital status, education level, employment status, and poverty-income ratio and the outcome of e-cigarette use. The weighted prevalence of ever use of e-cigarettes was 20%. Compared with adults aged ≥55 years, odds of e-cigarette use were 4.77 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.63-6.27) higher among ages 18 to 34 years and 2.16 times (95% CI = 1.49-3.14) higher among ages 35 to 54 years. Higher odds of e-cigarette use were observed among widowed/divorced/separated participants compared with those who were married/living with a partner, among participants with less than high school (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.08-2.00) or high school/general educational development (GED) education (OR=1.41; 95% CI = 1.12-1.77) compared with those with college degrees/some college, and among those with incomes below the poverty level (OR=1.31; 95% CI = 1.01-1.69) compared with above the poverty level. For non-smokers of conventional cigarettes, higher odds of e-cigarette use were observed among males compared with females, Mexican Americans/Other Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites, and non-working participants compared with those who were working. Overall findings indicate that individuals who are widowed/divorced/separated, individuals with lower education, and with incomes below the poverty level are likely to report ever use of e-cigarettes. As increasing evidence demonstrates negative health consequences, e-cigarette initiation may ultimately contribute to additional smoking-related health inequalities even among non-smokers of conventional cigarettes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Ever Use of E-Cigarettes Among Adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic Factors

Stallings-Smith

Ballantyne

2019

INQUIRY

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“…Other work suggests that RYO is a lower cost alternative to smokers who may otherwise quit and so this may explain the introduction of more RYO offerings in lower price segments 40–42. Similarly, menthol and particularly flavour-capsule variants appeal more to non-smokers and non-daily smokers compared with smokers and may therefore recruit non-smokers 8. Flavoured cigarettes including capsule flavourings will be outlawed in the EU by May 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously companies reduced the total number of brands sold and renewed their focus on value for money brands by increasing the number and length of cigarettes in a pack and introducing menthol variants in this price range 6. In response to standardised packaging in New Zealand and other markets there has been a significant increase in flavour capsule variants (FCVs) across all market price points,7 which may threaten standardised packaging’s effect on deterring smoking initiation given that these products appeal more to non-smokers and non-daily smokers than to daily smokers 8 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective longitudinal study of tobacco company adaptation to standardised packaging in the UK: identifying circumventions and closing loopholes

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesUK standardised packaging legislation was introduced alongside pack size and product descriptor restrictions of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive to end tobacco marketing and misinformation via the pack. This paper aims to assess compliance with the restrictions and identify attempts to continue to market tobacco products and perpetuate misperceptions of harm post legislation.Design, setting and interventionA prospective study of the introduction of standardised packaging of tobacco products to the UK.Participants and outcomesWe analysed commercial sales data to assess whether the legally required changes in pack branding, size and name were implemented. To explore any adaptations to products and packaging we analysed sales data, monthly pack purchases of factory-made (FM) cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco, tobacco advertisements from retail trade magazines and articles on tobacco from commercial literature (retail trade, market analyst and tobacco company publications).ResultsOne month after full implementation of the UK and European Union policies, 97% FM and 98% RYO was sold in compliant packaging. Nevertheless, tobacco companies made adaptations to tobacco products which enabled continued brand differentiation after the legislation came into force. For example, flavour names previously associated with low tar were systematically changed to colour names arguably facilitating continued misperceptions about the relative harms of products. Tobacco companies used the 1-year sell-through to their advantage by communicating brand name changes and providing financial incentives for retailers to buy large volumes of branded packs. In addition, tobacco companies continued to market their products to retailers and customers by innovating exemptions to the legislation, namely, filters, packaging edges, seals, multipack outers, RYO accessories, cigars and pipe tobacco.ConclusionsTobacco companies adapted to packaging restrictions by innovating their tobacco products and marketing activities. These findings should enable policy makers globally to close loopholes and increase the potential efficacy of standardised packaging policies.

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“…While limited research has been conducted on perceptions of flavor capsule cigarettes, early research has found that among youth flavor capsule cigarettes are perceived as less harmful and are associated with greater attractiveness and interest to try 17-19 . Young adults also have positive perceptions of flavor capsule cigarettes 20,21 . Adult smokers in the UK have reported using them because of the taste, smoothness, choice of flavors, and enjoyment associated with bursting the capsule 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menthol and flavor capsule cigarettes in the Philippines: A comparison of pack design

Brown¹,

Smith²,

Zhu³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTIONTobacco use is a major public health problem in the Philippines. Menthol flavored and flavor capsule cigarettes are independently associated with increased smoking initiation and appeal to youth and young adults. Packaging is an important tobacco marketing tool. We describe cigarette packs sold in the Philippines market and describe products’ flavor and capsule inclusion.METHODSTobacco packs were systematically collected in the Philippines in 2016 and categorized as non-flavored non-capsule, menthol non-capsule, menthol capsule, and non-menthol capsule. Structural elements (e.g. pack type, shape) and graphic components (e.g. imagery, descriptors, color) of the packs were compared.RESULTSMenthol capsule packs were significantly more likely to be hard packs than menthol non-capsule. Menthol packs were more likely to be colored green than non-flavored packs. Non-menthol capsule packs were more likely to display the term ‘fresh’ than non-capsule packs. Capsule packs were more likely to display technological appeals than non-capsule packs.CONCLUSIONSMenthol and flavor capsule cigarettes are packaged differently (most notably, in terms of color and technological appeals) than non-menthol and non-capsule packs. Packaging and labeling policy should take this into consideration.

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Young adult susceptible non-smokers’ and smokers’ responses to capsule cigarettes

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Ever Use of E-Cigarettes Among Adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic Factors

Ever Use of E-Cigarettes Among Adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic Factors

Prospective longitudinal study of tobacco company adaptation to standardised packaging in the UK: identifying circumventions and closing loopholes

Menthol and flavor capsule cigarettes in the Philippines: A comparison of pack design

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